PRESENTATION

INDIA
Ramesh Kumar Gupta
Director (Hydrology)
Central Water Commission

1
 INTRODUCTION
INDIA
– GEOGRAPHICAL AREA 329 M ha
(2.45% OF WORLD LAND AREA)

– POPULATION 1.027 BILLION

( 16% OF WORLD POPULATION )
– WATER RESOURCES 1869 BCM
(4% OF WORLD WATER RESOURCES)

– ANNUAL RAINFALL MIN. 100MM : WESTERN DESERT

MAX. 11000MM : NORTH EASTERN REGION
AV. 1170 MM : ALL INDIA
50% RAINFALL IN 15 DAYS

– DROUGHT PRONE 53 M ha (1/6th AREA)

– FLOOD PRONE 40 M ha (1/8th AREA)

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 CULTIVABLE AREA 184 M ha

 CULTIVATED AREA 142 M ha

 CROPPING INTENSITY 134.3%

 GROSS CROPPED AREA 190.7 M ha

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Spatial Variation of Rainfall

4
 Rainfall in m m

1000

100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900

0
W inter
M onsoon
(Jan-Feb)

Pre
M onsoon
(M ar-
M ay

M onsoon
(Jun-Sep)

Post
Temporal Variation of Rainfall
All India

M onsoon
(Oct-Dec)
5
 Water Availability

(In Billion cubic meter)

Total Precipitation : 4000

Total Water Availability : 1869
Total Utilisable Water : 1122
– Surface Water - 690
– Ground Water - 432

6
 Per Capita Availability
6000
(Cubic meter per capita per year)

5000
Water Availibilty

4000

3000 Water Stress Line

Water Scarcity Line

2000

1000

0
1951 1991 2001 2025 2050

7
 Water Vision of India

 Optimal sustainable development

 Maintenance of quality
 Efficient use of country’s water
resources to match the growing
demands
 Active involvement of all stakeholders
 Achieve accelerated, equitable economic
development of the country.

8
 How to achieve National Mission?

 National Water Policy adopted

Legal provisions exists in the

Constitution of India

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 Highlights of NWP 2002
 Water an essential environment for all life
forms
 Water resource needs to be planned,
developed, conserved and managed on an
integrated and environmentally sound basis
 River basin as a hydrological unit for planning
and establishment of River Basin Organizations
 Setting up of multi-disciplinary units to prepare
comprehensive river basin plans
 Improving efficiency in water utilization and
public awareness for its conservation.
 Water transfer from surplus basins to deficit
basins
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 Highlights of NWP 2002
 Water allocation priorities should be
broadly as follows:
 Drinking water
 Irrigation
 Hydro-power
 Ecology
 Agro-industries and non-agricultural
industries
 Navigation and other uses.
However, these priorities could be
modified or added if warranted by the
area/region specific considerations.
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 Highlights of NWP 2002

 Improvement of Quality of Surface &

Ground Water
 Management of Droughts and Floods to be
Coordinated and Guided at the National Level
 Water Sharing/distribution amongst States to
be Guided by a National Perspective
 Promoting Beneficiaries Participation

 Special efforts to formulate projects for the

benefit of areas inhabited by tribal or other
disadvantaged groups
 Financial and Physical Sustainability of Water
Resources Facilities
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 Legislative Framework for Water
CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISION

 Regulation and development of inter-State rivers

 Article 262 authorizes Parliament by law to provide

for adjudication of water disputes

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 Enactment Under the Constitutional
Provisions

 RIVER BOARD ACT, 1956

 INTER STATE WATER DISPUTE

(ISWD) ACT, 1956

 ISWD (AMMENDMENT) ACT, 2002

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 Issues of Concern
 Optimal Sustainable Development
 Water quality in rivers

 Matching water needs with

availability (optimal utilisation)- More
food per drop
 Accelerated economic development
with stake holders participation

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 Storage Created
(In billion cubic metre)

1. Pre Plan ( Before 1950) : 15.64

2. Up to the end of VIII Plan ( Five year : 176.73

Plans)
3. Up to the end of IX Plan ( 2007) : 213.00

4. Under construction : 75.42

5. Under consideration : 108.00

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 Developmental Activities

 Creation of surface storages

 Completionof On-going major &

medium and ERM Projects

 Renovation of Old Tanks

 Ground Water Development

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 Irrigation Development for Food
Security
Potential Created as % of Ultimate Irrigation Potential (140 Mha)

16%

In 1951

71%

In 2005
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 INDIA 1640(Projected)

POPULATION GROWTH (Million)

1027

846

683

548
439
361

2050(Projected)
1991
1971
1951

YEAR
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 INDIA

FOOD GRAIN PRODUCTION 500(Projected)

(Million Tonnes)

209.8

176.4

129.6
108.4
82

2050(Projected)
99-2000
90-91
80-81
70-71
60-61

YEAR
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INCREASE IN IRRIGATION EFFICIENCY

YEAR 2025
 Surface Irrigation 35%  50%
 Ground Water Irrigation 65% 
72%

YEAR 2050
 Surface Irrigation 35%  60%
 Ground Water Irrigation 65% 
75%

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 Conclusions
 Twin strategy of irrigation development and
performance improvements will have to be
adopted to meet the food & fibre demand and for
rural development with poverty alleviation in
holistic manner.

 Reducing the gap between irrigation potential

created and potential utilised

 Following the practice of Participatory irrigation

management

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 National Programmes

• Accelerated Irrigation Benefit

Programme - To provide CENTRAL
LOAN ASSISTANCE
• Repair & Restoration of water
bodies
• Bharat Nirman to add 10 million
hectares of irrigation in 4 years

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