NANO RAM

NILANCHAL
KUMAR
ROLL NO:27
MCA B5
 RAM
• Random access memory
( RAM) is a type of data
storage used in computers.
It takes the form of
integrated circuits that allow
the stored data to be
accessed in any order — that
is, at random and without
the physical movement of
the storage medium or a
physical reading head.
 Types of RAM
• Non-volatile random access memory (NVRAM) is
the general name used to describe any type of random
access memory which does not lose its information
when power is turned off.
• ROM
• EPROM (Erasable programmable read-only memory)
• EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-
Only Memory)
• Flash memory
Upcoming
• MRAM (Magneto resistive Random Access
Memory )
• RRAM (Resistive Random Access Memory )
• NRAM
• Volatile memory:( volatile storage or
primary storage device) is computer
memory that requires power to maintain
the stored information, unlike non-
volatile memory which does not require a
maintained power supply.
• DRAM
• SRAM
• Upcoming
• Z-RAM (Zero capacitor RAM )
• TTRAM (Twin Transistor RAM)
 INTRODUCTION
• Nano-RAM, is a proprietary computer memory
technology from the company NANTERO.
• It is a type of nonvolatile random access
memory based on the mechanical position of
carbon nano tube deposited on a chip-like
substrate.
• The proprietary NRAM™ design, invented by
Dr. Thomas Rueckes, Nantero's Chief
Technology Officer, uses carbon nano tubes as
the active memory elements.
What is carbon Nano
tube?
• Carbon nano tubes
(CNTs) are a recently
discovered allotrope of
carbon.
• Carbon nano tubes have
amazing properties .
• It is stronger than steel
and as hard as diamond.
• The wall of a single-
walled carbon Nano tube
is only one carbon atom
thick and the tube
diameter is
approximately 50,000
• Nantero has created multiple prototype
devices, including an array of ten billion
suspended nano tube junctions on a
single silicon wafer.
• NRAM technology will achieve very high
memory densities: at least 10-100 times
our current best.
• Nantero's design for
NRAM™ involves the
use of suspended
nanotube junctions
as memory bits, with
the "up" position
representing bit zero
(Off) and the "down"
position representing
bit one (On).
• Bits
are switched between states through
the application of electrical fields. The
wafer (A small adhesive disk of paste)
was produced using only standard
semiconductor processes, maximizing
compatibility with existing
semiconductor factories.
• NRAM™ will be considerably faster and
denser than DRAM, have substantially
lower power consumption than DRAM or
flash, be as portable as flash memory,
and be highly resistant to environmental
forces (heat, cold, magnetism).
• And as a nonvolatile chip, it will provide
permanent data storage even without power.
• Possible uses include the enabling of instant-on
computers, which boot and reboot instantly, as
well as high-density portable memory - MP3
players with 1000s of songs, PDAs with 10
gigabytes of memory, high-speed network
servers and much more.
• In Nantero's technology, each NRAM
"cell" consists of a number of nano tubes
suspended on insulating "lands" over a
metal electrode.
• At rest the nano tubes lie above the
electrode "in the air", about 13 nm above
it in the current versions.
Architecture of suspended nano tube memory
 How it works?
• Nantero’s nanotech RAM chip applies
electrical charges to nanotubes
suspended over an electrode. Applying
the opposite type of charge to the tubes
and the electrode causes the tubes to
bend down, touch, and bind to the
electrode, creating an electrical
connection. Applying the same type of
charge to the tubes and electrode causes
the tubes to bend upward, creating no
electrical connection. The system reads
these two states as binary data’s ones
and zeros. The high-capacity NRAM chip
maintains stored data when a host
device’s power is shut off and promises
to be fast and energy efficient.
WORKING OF NANORAM
 Benefits of NRAM
• Permanently nonvolatile
• High speed (comparable to SRAM )
• Small cell size ( comparable to DRAM )
• Unlimited lifetime
• Immunes to soft errors
• CMOS-compatible Process Flow
– Can be manufactured in any CMOS semiconductor fab
– Requires no new equipment
– No technology limitation for scaling
 Applications
• Computers and Laptops
(Enabling instant-on performance, with no
waiting for boot-up)
• Mobile devices
(Faster storage of more data for PDA’s and
handhelds)
• Embedded memory
(More powerful microprocessor, micro
controller, other logic devices )
• Replacement of hard drives
 Future
• Nonvolatile memories will enable instant
booting of computers.
• Large memories can be build with
nanotube technology.
• Nonvolatile memories offer much better
performance combined with data storage
when the power is turned OFF.