Satellite

Communication

Comparison of Gamma () Rays

Instructor
Mr. Yousaf Saeed
By

Adnan Muzaffar
 What Is Meant By Nuclear Radiations ?

A term used to denote alpha particles,

neutrons, electrons, photons, and
other particles which emanate from
the atomic nucleus as a result of
radioactive decay and nuclear
reactions

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 Types Of Nuclear Radiations

• Alpha ()
• Beta ()
• Gamma ()

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 Nature of Nuclear Radiations

• Alpha () - a stream of helium nuclei (positively

charged)
• Beta () - a stream of negatively charged electrons
• Gamma () - an EM wave of very high frequency, whose
property is similar to X-ray

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 Nature of Nuclear Radiations

 particles  particles  rays

Nature helium nuclei Fast-moving EM waves

electrons similar to
X-ray
Charge +2 1 no charge

Speed up to 10% of up to 90% of speed of light

speed of light speed of
light

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 Comparison between X-Rays &  radiations

  radiations and X-rays are both

highly penetrating EM waves
  radiations have higher
frequency and more energy
  radiations are more
dangerous than X-rays  rays

X-rays

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 Comparison Among Alpha (), Beta () &  Rradiations

(IONIZATION POWER)

  radiations produce lots of

sparks,
  radiations produce only a few
sparks,
  radiations hardly give any
spark
 (Strong)


source (Weak)

 (Weakest)

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 Comparison Among Alpha (), Beta () &  Rradiations

(PENETRATING POWER)

• How far radiation can penetrate

into a material relates to its ionizing
power?
• Radiation passes through a
material (e.g. air or metal), it
gradually loses energy to ionize the
atoms on its way and stop at last
• Radiation with a strong ionizing
power has a short range in a
material

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 Comparison Among Alpha (), Beta () &  Rradiations

(PENETRATING POWER IN AIR)

  radiation ( Having Strong

Ionization Power) can travel a few
cm in air
  radiation's range in air is several
m
  radiation's range in air is more
than100 m

Penetration Range of radiations in air:  >  > 

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 Comparison Among Alpha (), Beta () &  Rradiations

(PENETRATION THROUGH VARIOUS MATERIALS)

  radiation can be stopped by 1-2

sheet of paper.
Penetration Power
  radiation can be stopped by 5 >>

mm of Aluminium
  radiation can never be fully
stopped but 25 mm lead halves its
strength

source



Lead (25 mm)
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Paper Al (5 mm)
 A Quick Review

Which type(s) of radiation can be stopped by a sheet of

5 mm aluminium?

A  only.
B  only.
C  and  only.

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 A Quick Review

What types of charge are carried by  and 

radiations?
 radiation  radiation
A Positive No charge
B Negative No charge
C No charge Positive
D No charge Negative

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 A Quick Review

A block of 25-cm thick lead can reduce

____________ radiation(s) to nearly
background level.

A  only.
B  only.
C  and  only
D  ,  and 
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 A Quick Review

Which radiations have higher frequency and

more energy ?

A X-Rays
B  radiations

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 A Quick Review

Which of the following radiations possess the

highest ionization power ?

A  radiations
B  radiations
C  radiations

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 A Quick Review

Which of the following radiations possess the

highest penetration power ?

A  radiations
B  radiations
C  radiations

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That’s It…