ZIGBEE / 802.15.

4
SOLUTIONS

Peeyush.K.P.
ASE Ettimadai
 What is ZigBee ?

Open Standard of Protocols - Mesh Networking

Key Features
 Low Power
 Low Data Rate
 Reliable
 Easy Deployment
 Mesh (Self-Forming & Self-Healing)
 Operates in unlicensed ISM Band
A Wide World of Wireless
ZigBee Protocol Stack
 Network Layer
Establishes PAN
•64 bit Extended PANID
Device Addressing
•16 bit Network Address
•Chosen Randomly & Uniquely
•May Change
•DHCP for IP Address
64 bit IEEE Address
•Globally Unique
 Application Layer
Clusters
16 bit Cluster ID
Specific Functions (ON/Off/toggle)

Endpoints
Nos. - 1-240
0 - ZDO (ZigBee Device Object)
255 - Broadcast
241-254 Further Use
Light, Switch, etc.
 Network Topologies
Traditional Wired Network Topologies
ZigBee Mesh Topologies

ZigBee Node Types

Point To Multi point
Cluster tree
mesh
 What is Mesh Network ?
Dynamic Reliable routing
 Self Forming
 Self Healing
 Data Hops

Good for Wired Infrastructure

 Wired - Not Dynamic
 Hard to Add and Remove Deployments
 Full Mesh is Expensive
 Xbee
ZIGBEE NETWORK TOPOLOGY
What is an XBee Module ?
 Xbee
FEATURES
 Indoor/Urban: up to 300’ (100 m)
 Outdoor line-of-sight: up to 1 mile (1500 m)
 Transmit Power: 100 mW (20 dBm)
 Receiver Sensitivity: -100 dBm RF
 2.4Ghz ISM Band
 Data Rate: 250,000 bps
 65,000 unique network addresses available
 No configuration - for out-of box RF comn.
 Free X-CTU Software (Testing and config.)
 AT Command Mode - config. of module param.
 Low cost
Additional Features

• UART Data Input (3.3V)

• 4 ADC’s
• 10 bit resolution
• 1Khz max Sample rate
• No DAC’s
• O/P – UART
• 8 + 1 DIO lines
• PWM (RSSI) O/P
• Supply Voltage Monitoring
PIN CONFIGURATION Xbee
XBee Vs XBee Pro
XBee Vs XBee Pro
 Xbee

DATAFLOW DIAGRAM
 Xbee

DATA PACKET FORMAT

 Xbee

INTERNAL DATAFLOW DIAGRAM

MODES OF OPERATION Xbee

Transmit
Mode

Sleep Ideal Receive

Mode Mode Mode

Command
Mode
Xbee Sleep Modes

 Cyclic Sleep Mode

 Pin Wake up Sleep Mode
 Xbee
TRANSMIT MODE
 Xbee
TRANSMISSION & RECEPTION
 Xbee
STARTING A PAN

ENERGY SCAN
 Xbee

PAN SCAN
 Xbee
JOINING A PAN
 Xbee
ADDRESSING MODES

DEVICE ADDRESSING
 64 Bit addressing
 NI Addressing
 Broadcast Addressing
 Coordinator Addressing

APPLICATION LAYER ADDRESSING

 Xbee

IMPLEMENTATION

C R

F/W = C F/W = R
D = B/C D=C
PAN ID - same

X-CTU
 AT / API Mode

AT API
Advantages Advantages
• Simple • Quick Commands
• Transparent • OTA config
• RS232
Disadvantages
Disadvantages • Complex
• Slow • Not Transparent
• Not Optimized for ES
X-CTU Xbee
 Xbee
AT Firmware
At Command Mode

 GT + ‘+++’ + GT

 ATWR
 ATCN
 API Firmware

 Transmit & Receive Frames

 Status Frames
 API Construction
AT Command

Command Response
Command Response
API Frames Types
 What is “Drop-in Networking” ?

Complete End To End Wireless – To Electronic Devices

Wireline – Not Possible
Primarlily wireless

Low cost (no new cabling)

Non-Intrusive
Secure
Reliable
East To Deploy
 Embedded Wireless Markets
Industrial
• Automotive/Transportation
• Manufacturing Device Networking
• Remote Data Collection
Medical
• Patient Monitoring Commercial
• Medical Device Networking • Point-of-sale
• Data Display Terminal
• Time & Attendence
Utilities
• Building Access & Control
• Remote Data Collection
• Commn. With Mesh N/Ws
 Benefits of Wireless Modules

 Long-term availability of product

 No Radio Certification required
 Very Simple and Cost – Effective H/W Integration
 Simplifies overall System Design
 Pre-configured Networking and Security
 Module may provide P&P, No Programming
 Software Tools available
 Relatively Higher Cost
• Outweighed by Development Cost Savings
 ZigBee Limitations

 Routers - Powered - Cannot Sleep

 N/w changes - lot of Route Disc. Packets
 Heavy Traffic – Collision – Pot. Message Loss
 Coardinator - Start N/W
Smart Energy