EXPRIMENTAL STUDY OF HIGH

STRENGTH CONCRETE WITH LARGE

VOLUME OF FLY ASH
REVIEW NO. 1 DATE :
27.03.2011

Presented by
1.M.PANDIYAN - 50107046
2.G.RAMESH - 50107060
3.M.SANKAR - 50107064
4.B.VENGATESAN - 50107094
Under the guidance of
L.KRISHNARAJ, AP(O.G),
Department of Civil Engg,
SRM University.
 INTRODUCTION

FLY ASH
 Fly ash is one of the residues generated in the combustion of
coal.

 Fly ash is generally captured from the chimneys of coal-fired

power plants.

 Fly ash is a finely divided form and in the presence of water, it

react with calcium hydroxide at ordinary temperature to produce
cementations compounds.

Moreover the huge quantities of fly ash generated by Thermal

Power Plants disposal become crucial to the management.
 INTRODUCTION

 Indian RMC manufactures add 15-18% fly ash to concrete but

the common man here still does not comprehend the benefits
derived from the usage of fly ash in cement or concrete.

 Fly ash has been found to have numerous advantages such as

improved workability, reduce permeability, increased ultimate

strength, reduce bleeding and reduce the heat of hydration in the
concrete works.
 INTRODUCTION

Classification of Fly ash

 Class F fly ash:

Fly ash that is production from the burning of anthracite or

bituminous coal is referred as class F
̀ ´ fly ash.

 Class C fly ash:

Fly ash that is produced from the burning of lignite or sub

bituminous coal is referred as class ̀C ̒fly ash. Most class C
̀ ´ Fly ash
have self-cementing properties.
 FLY ASH SELECTION

 Since the F type Fly ash available at nearest source of Ennur

(Chennai) Thermal power plant hence it is decided to adopt the

“F” type fly ash for our study.
 Fly ash collected through Gammon India Ltd., Bombay. from

Kalpakkam project.
 It has been verified the type of fly ash by their test certificate

showing composition of Fly ash and as per the recommendation

of codes.
 SCOPE

 Experimental study by comparing the concrete of 43 grade Ordinary

Portland cement (OPC) concrete and Concrete with replacement of

fly ash15%, 30% & 45% with OPC. Keeping all the other ingredients
are same.
 This study orientation is as for as Durability of concrete is

concern. It includes Compressive strength, Water permeability

and Rapid chloride penetration tests are taken for comparison.
 METHODOLOGY
Stage – 1

 Selection of mix – Nominal mix ratio with OPC 43 grade penna

cement. The cement content adopted = 400Kg/Cu.M ,
 The Mix Proportions are 0.55 : 1 : 1.50 : 3.00 ( The Ratio of Coarse
aggregate by 20 : 12.5mm = 60 : 40 %)

 Casting of 150mm cube -12nos, 100mm dia. x 150mm length-1No

 Compressive strength of concrete carried out in 7, 14 and 28 days

after date of casting.

 Water permeability of concrete cube and Rapid chloride penetration

test at the age of 28 days.
 METHODOLOGY
Stage – 2
 Selection of mix – Nominal mix ratio. 15% of Fly ash replacement
with OPC of penna 43 G. (Cement + Fly ash = (60 + 340)
Kg/Cu.M .

 The Mix Proportions are 0.55 : 1 : 1.50 : 3.00 ( The Ratio of Coarse
aggregate by 20 : 12.5mm = 60 : 40 %)

 Casting of 150mm cube -12nos, 100mm dia. x 150mm length-1No

 Compressive strength of concrete carried out in 7, 14 and 28 days

after date of casting.

 Water permeability of concrete cube and Rapid chloride penetration

test at the age of 28 days.
 METHODOLOGY
Stage – 3
 Selection of mix – Nominal mix ratio. 30% of Fly ash replacement
with OPC of Penna 43 Grade. (Cement + Fly ash = (120 + 280)
Kg/Cu.M

 The Mix Proportions are 0.55 : 1 : 1.50 : 3.00 ( The Ratio of Coarse
aggregate by 20 : 12.5mm = 60 : 40 %)

 Casting of 150mm cube -12nos, 100mm dia. x 150mm length-1No

 Compressive strength of concrete carried out in 7, 14 and 28 days

after date of casting.

 Water permeability of concrete cube and Rapid chloride penetration

test at the age of 28 days.
 METHODOLOGY
Stage – 4
 Selection of mix – Nominal mix ratio. 45% of Fly ash replacement
with OPC of Penna 43 Grade.(Cement +Fl. A =(180 + 220) Kg/Cu.M

 The Mix Proportions are 0.55 : 1 : 1.50 : 3.00 ( The Ratio of Coarse
aggregate by 20 : 12.5mm = 60 : 40 %)

 Casting of 150mm cube -12nos, 100mm dia. x 150mm length-1No

 Compressive strength of concrete carried out in 7, 14 and 28 days

after date of casting.

 Water permeability of concrete cube and Rapid chloride penetration

test at the age of 28 days.
 SCHEDULE OF PROJECT WORK
SL DESCRIPTION DATE OF NOS NOS COMPRESSIVE STRENGHT RCPT PERMEABI
NO. OF WORKS / CASTING OF OF N/MM2 VALUE LITY AFTER
DESIGNATION CUB CYLIND 7 DAYS 14 28 DAYS AFTER 28 DAYS
MARK E ER TESTING DAYS 28
DATE TESTIN TESTING DAYS
G DATE DATE

1 43 G OPC 16.03.20 12 1 23.03.201 30.03.20 13.04.201 13.04.20 13.04.2011

CONCRETE 11 1 11 1 11
2 30% REPLACED 17.03.20 12 1 24.03.201 31.03.20 14.03.201 14.03.20 14.03.2011
FLY ASH WITH 43 11 1 11 1 11
GRADE OPC
CONCRETE
3 15% REPLACED 21.03.20 12 1 28.03.201 04.04.20 18.04.201 18.04.20 18.04.2011
FLY ASH WITH 43 11 1 11 1 11
GRADE OPC
CONCRETE
4 45% REPLACED 22.03.20 12 1 29.03.201 05.04.20 19.04.201 19.04.20 19.04.2011
FLY ASH WITH 43 11 1 11 1 11
GRADE OPC
CONCRETE
PROJECT PROGRESS

BLENDING OF FLY ASH WITH OPC

 PROJECT PROGRESS

Processing Stage - 1

Selection of mix – Nominal mix Proportions are 0.55 : 1 : 1.50 : 3.00 (

The Ratio of Coarse aggregate by 20 : 12.5mm = 60 : 40 %)

 Date of Casting of cube and cylinder = 16.03.2011

DESCRIPTION OF WORKS / COMPRESSIVE STRENGHT RCPT

DESIGNATION MARK N/MM2 VALUE
7 DAYS 14 DAYS 28 DAYS
Coulombs

CONCRETE SPECIMEN WITH 34.66 41.33 42.67 279 5

43 G OPC
 VIEW ON RESULTS

INFERENCE: 80% of strength attained

in 7 Days itself.
 PROJECT PROGRESS

FRESH CONCRETE SLUMP MEASUREMENT

PROJECT PROGRESS

SPECIMEN PREPARED FOR TESTING

 PROJECT PROGRESS

Processing Stage - 2

 Selection of mix – Nominal mix Proportions are 0.55 : 1 : 1.50 :

3.00 ( The Ratio of C.A by 20 : 12.5mm = 60 : 40 %)

 15% replaced fly ash with 43 grade OPC

 Date of Casting of cube and cylinder = 21.03.2011

DESCRIPTION OF WORKS / COMPRESSIVE STRENGHT RCPT PERMEABI

DESIGNATION MARK N/MM2 VALUE LITY
7 DAYS 14 DAYS 28 DAYS Coulom mm
bs

15% REPLACED FLY ASH 27.11 38.67 43.11 224.1 5

WITH 43 GRADE OPC
CONCRETE
VIEW ON RESULTS

INFERENCE: Initial strength gain in 7 days 63%

but at the age 28 days it is observed more than
the concrete made with OPC.
PROJECT PROGRESS
PROJECT PROGRESS
 PROJECT PROGRESS
Processing Stage – 3
 Selection of mix – Nominal mix Proportions are 0.55 : 1 : 1.50 :
3.00 ( The Ratio of C.A by 20 : 12.5mm = 60 : 40 %)

 30% replaced fly ash with 43 grade OPC cement .

 Date of Casting of cube and cylinder = 17.03.2011

DESCRIPTION OF WORKS / COMPRESSIVE STRENGHT RCPT PERMEABI

DESIGNATION MARK N/MM2 VALUE LITY
7 DAYS 14 DAYS28 DAYS mm
Coulom
bs

30% REPLACED FLY ASH 19.55 31.11 32.89 205.2 4

WITH 43 G OPC CONCRETE
 VIEW ON RESULTS

INFERENCE: Initial strength gaining is 60% in 7 days and at the age 28

days it is observed marginally lower strength ie only 23% less than
OPC concrete.
PROJECT PROGRESS
 PROJECT PROGRESS
Processing Stage – 4
 Selection of mix – Nominal mix Proportions are 0.55 : 1 : 1.50 :
3.00 ( The Ratio of C.A by 20 : 12.5mm = 60 : 40 %)

 45% replaced fly ash with 43 grade OPC

 Date of Casting of cube and cylinder = 22.03.2011

DESCRIPTION OF WORKS COMPRESSIVE STRENGHT RCPT PERMEABILI

/ DESIGNATION MARK N/MM2 VALUE TY
7 DAYS 14 DAYS 28 DAYS
Coulom mm
bs

45% REPLACED FLY ASH 12 16.89 24.44 155.7 3

WITH 43 G OPC
 VIEW ON RESULTS

INFERENCE: Initial strength gaining is 50% in 7 days and at the age 28

days it is observed significantly lower strength ie about 43% less than
OPC concrete.
PROJECT PROGRESS
VIEW ON RESULTS
VIEW ON RESULTS
VIEW ON RESULTS
VIEW ON RESULTS
 Conclusion
WORKABILITY:
Measure of workability by means slump value: Compare to Concrete
with OPC, fly ash has replaced concrete shown lower slump.
That is the demand of water shown more when % of replacement of fly
ash is high. This will help to reduce the W/C ratio, which is very effective
for durability of concrete.
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH :
Compressive strength gain from 7 days to 28 days shown higher %
compare to the concrete with fly ash replacement than opc. ie it varies
from 37 % to 50%.
As per the references we found that strength gain will be large even after
28 days till 56 days.
WATER PERMEABILITY :
Water permeability test shown very lower penetration of water in Fly
ash replaced concrete compare to the OPC concrete.
RPID CHLORIDE PENETRATION :
Chloride penetration also shown very lower toward the increase in %
of fly ash over the OPC concrete.
 REVIEW OF LITRATURE

Effect of Nano-clay on Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of

Ordinary Portland Cement Mortar by M. S. Morsy, S. H. Alsayed and
M. Aqel

 The effect of nano-clay on the mechanical properties and microstructure

of Portland cement mortar was investigated.
 In this research is to constitute a blended cement mortar with high
mechanical properties.
 The nano-clay used in this investigation was nano-kaolin.
 The compressive strength, tensile strength, phase composition and
microstructure of mortar were investigated.
 The results showed that the compressive strength and the tensile
strength of the cement mortars with nano-kaolin were higher than plain
cement mortar with the same w/c ratio.
 REVIEW OF LITRATURE

Hard Coal Fly Ash and Silica-Effect of Fine Particulate Matter

Deposits on Brassica chinensis by Christian Ulrichs, Uwe Schmidt,
Tanja Mucha-Pelzer, Arunava Goswami and Inga Mewis.

 One focus in recent atmospheric pollution research is on fine Particle

Matter (PM)
 Hard Coal Fly Ash (CFA) is a by-product from power plants burning hard
coal. Hard coal fly ash is a smell less, grey, fine-grained and powdery
substance, which consists mainly of spherical, glassy particles.
 CFA could have unfavorable effects on the condition of groundwater,
since some of the aforesaid mineral materials can contaminate ground
waters.
 The application of CFA onto leaves showed no effect over a period of
four weeks with regard to root rating, habitus rating, growth height, leave
number and dry weight development
 REFERENCE
1. M. S. Morsy, S. H. Alsayed and M. Aqel, “Effect of Nano-clay on
Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Ordinary Portland
Cement Mortar”, International Journal of Civil & Environmental
Engineering (IJCEE-IJENS) , Vol: 10 No: 01
2. by Christian Ulrichs, Uwe Schmidt, Tanja Mucha-Pelzer, Arunava
Goswami and Inga Mewis , “Hard Coal Fly Ash and Silica-Effect of
Fine Particulate Matter Deposits on Brassica chinensis ” , Journal of
American Science, 6(4),2010.
3. Text book of Concrete technology by M.S. Shetty – volume-1.
4. “Indian Concrete Journal “ of November 2004 Volume 78. “High-
Volume Fly Ash Concrete” By Dr. V.Mohan Malhotra and Prof.
P.K.Mehta.
5. “Elsevier” of 15th September 2010 “ Fly Ash Characterization and its
Application” By S.Zahi and A.R . Daud Faculty of Engg. And
Technology, Multimedia University, Malasia.