m Chicago, Illinois

m developed an interest in nursing because her father (who had

gastrointestinal problems) was frequently ill and required
nursing care on many occasions
m graduated from the Cook County School of Nursing in 1944
m obtained her BS in nursing from the University of Chicago in
1949
m worked as a private duty nurse and a civilian nurse for the US
Army, as a surgical nursing supervisor
m authored 77 published articles which included DzAn Introduction
to Clinical Nursingdz with multiple publication years on 1969,
1973 & 1989
m received an honorary doctorate from Loyola University in 1992
þ

Ä holistic being who constantly strives to preserve wholeness and integrity
and one Dzwho is sentient, thinking, future-oriented, and past-awaredz
Ä a unique individual in unity and integrity, feeling, believing, thinking and
whole system of system.

G
 
completes the wholeness of the individual

m combines the physiological and pathophysiological aspects of the

individual and is constantly challenged by the external environment
m integration of bodily functions that resembles homeorrhesis rather
than homeostasis and is subject to challenges of the external environment,
which always are a form of energy.
 (Homeostasis is a state of energy sparing that also provides the necessary
baselines for a multitude of synchronized physiological and psychological
factors, while homeorrhesis is a stabilized flow rather than a static state.
The internal environment emphasizes the fluidity of change within a
space-time continuum. )

divided into the perceptual, operational, and conceptual environments

þ

 G
 
m portion of the external environment which individuals respond to with their
sense organs and includes light, sound, touch, temperature, chemical change
that is smelled or tasted, and position sense and balance

Œ

 G
 
m portion of the external environment which interacts with living tissue even
though the individual does not possess sensory organs that can record the
presence of these factors and includes all forms of radiation,
microorganisms, and pollutants
 6
 G
 
m portion of the external environment that consists of language, ideas,
symbols, and concepts and inventions and encompasses the exchange of
language, the ability to think and experience emotion, value systems,
religious beliefs, ethnic and cultural traditions, and individual
psychological patterns that come from life experiences

  
m is implied to mean unity and integrity and Dzis a wholeness and successful
adaptationdz.
m not only the insult or the injury that is repaired but the person himself or
herself, it is rather a return to self hood, where the encroachment of the
disability can be set aside entirely, and the individual is free to pursue
once more his or her own interests without constraint
á

m involves engaging in Dzhuman interactionsdz
m goal is to promote wholeness, realizing that
every individual requires a unique and
separate cluster of activities. The individualǯs
integrity is his/her abiding concern and it is
the nurseǯs responsibility to assist the patient
to defend and to seek its realization
 The model guides the nurse to focus on the
influences and responses at the organismic level.
The nurse accomplishes the goals of the model
through the conservation of energy, structure, and
personal and social integrity.
O 

m process of change, and conservation is the outcome of adaptation, whereby the
patient maintains integrity within the realities of the environment
m achieved through the Dzfrugal, economic, contained, and controlled use of
environmental resources by the individual in his or her best interestdz

Ñ  
m wholeness emphasizes a sound, organic, progressive mutuality between
diversified functions and parts within an entirety, the boundaries of which are
open and fluid
m the unceasing interaction of the individual organism with its environment
represents an Ǯopen and fluidǯ system, and a condition of health, wholeness, exists
when the interaction or constant adaptations to the environment, permit easeȄ
the assurance of integrity in all the dimensions of life
6

m the product of adaptation.
m conservation is from the Latin word conservatio, meaning
Dzto keep togetherdz describes the way complex systems are
able to continue to function even when severely
challenged through conservation, individuals are able to
confront obstacles, adapt accordingly, and maintain their
uniqueness
m the goal of conservation is health and the strength to
confront disability
m primary focus is keeping together of the wholeness of the
individual, although nursing interventions may deal with
one particualr conservation principle, nurses must also
recognize the influence of other conservation principles.
Ä The core, or central concept, of Levineǯs theory is conservation. When a
person is in a state of conservation, it means that individual adaptive
responses conform change productively, and with the least expenditure of
effort, while preserving optimal function and identity. Conservation is
achieved through successful activation of adaptive pathways and behaviors
that are appropriate for the wide range of responses required by functioning
human beings.
Ä
These principles focus on conserving an individual's wholeness. She
advocated that nursing is a human interaction and proposed four
conservation principles of nursing which are concerned with the unity and
integrity of individuals.
 6
G

-refers to balancing energy input and output
to avoid excessive fatigue, it includes adequate
rest, nutrition and exercise
 6

 
  

-refers to maintaining or restoring the structure of
body preventing physical breakdown and promoting
healing
 6
þ
  
y
-recognizes the individual as one who
strives for recognition, respect, self
awareness, selfhood and self determination
 6
   

-an individual is recognized as some one who
resides with in a family, a community, a religious
group, an ethnic group, a political system and a
nation
m The nurse creates an environment in which healing could
occur
m A human being is more than the sum of the part
m Human being respond in a predictable way
m Human being are unique in their responses
m Human being know and appraise objects ,condition and
situation
m Human being sense ,reflects, reason and understand
m Human being action are self determined even when
emotional
m Human being are capable of prolonging reflection through
such strategists raising questions
m Human being make decision through prioritizing course of
m Human being must be aware and able to contemplate objects, condition
and situation
m Human being are agents who act deliberately to attain goal
m Adaptive changes involve the whole individual
m A human being has unity in his response to the environment
m Every person possesses a unique adaptive ability based on oneǯs life
experience which creates a unique message
m There is an order and continuity to life change is not random
m A human being respond organismically in an ever changing manner
m A theory of nursing must recognized the importance of detail of care for a
single patient with in an empiric framework that successfully describe the
requirement of the all patient
m A human being is a social animal
m A human being is an constant interaction with an ever changing society
m Change is inevitable in life
m Nursing needs existing and emerging demands of self care and dependant
care
m Nursing is associated with condition of regulation of exercise or
development of capabilities of providing care
Levine expressed the view that within the nurse-
patient relationship a patientǯs state of health is
dependent on the nurse-supported process of
adaptation. This guides nurses to focus on the
influences and responses of a client to promote
wholeness through the Conservation Principles. The
goal of this model is to accomplish this through the
conservation of energy, structural, personal and
social integrity. The goal of nursing is to recognize,
assist, promote, and support adaptive processes that
benefit the patient.