8085

Contents
Microprocessor Architecture
Instruction Set and

Addressing mode
 Microprocessor ?
A microprocessor is multi
programmable clock driven
register based semiconductor
device that is used to fetch ,
process and execute a data
within fraction of seconds.
PIN CONFIGURATION
 THE 8085 AND ITS
The 8085 is BUSSES
an 8-bit general purpose
microprocessor that can address 64K
Byte of memory.
It has 40 pins and uses +5V for
power. It can run at a maximum
frequency of 3 MHz.
-The pins on the chip can be
grouped into 6 groups:
Address Bus.
Data Bus.
Control and Status Signals.
Power supply and frequency.
Externally Initiated Signals.
 The Address and Data
Busses
 The address bus has 8 signal lines A8 – A15 which are
unidirectional.
 The other 8 address bits are multiplexed (time shared)
with the 8 data bits.
 So, the bits AD0 – AD7 are bi-directional and serve as
A0 – A7 and D0 – D7 at the same time.
 During the execution of the instruction, these lines
carry the address bits during the early part, then
during the late parts of the execution, they carry the
8 data bits.
 In order to separate the address from the data, we can
use a latch to save the value before the function of the
bits changes.
 8085 ARCHITECTURE

RST 5.5

RST 7.5
RST 6.5
INTR

INTA

TRAP

SOD
SID
Interrupt controller Serial I/O controller

8 bit internal Data Bus

Instruction Reg Multiplexer

Accumulator Temp Reg

W temp Z temp

Reg array
B C
Flag Flip Flops D E
Instruction Decoder and Machine Cycle Encoding
H L

Stack Pointer (16)

ALU
Program counter (16)

Inc/dec latch
Timing and control
X1 Clk gen
Data/ Address
X2 Address Buffer
Buffer
Control Status DMA Reset
IO/M
ALE
WR

S1
RD

S0

A15 –A8
Reset
Clk
out

HLDA

AD0 –AD7
out

Address
Reset in
Ready

Address/
HOLD

Buss
Data
Buss
 Flag Register
The flags are affected by the arithmetic and logical
instruction

D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
S Z AC P CY
 Accumulator
 It is an 8 bit register
 For any arithmetic and logical instruction
one of the data should be in this register
 It is used for storing the result of any
arithmetic and logical manipulations.
 It is also called as A register

 All the data which are sent to I/O devices

are sent via A register.
 Temporary register
 It
is used to hold the data
during the operation of
arithmetic and logical
operation
 Sign Flag
 If the D7 bit of the
accumulator is set then this
flag is set i.e 1 meaning that
the result is in negative.
 Ex. 7-8 = -1
 Carry flag
 During the arithmetic operation if a
carry occurs then this flag is set.
 Ex. F1+1F= 1 10

Carry
 Zero flag
During the arithmetic/
logical operation if the
result is zero then this
flag is set.
Ex. FF-FF = 00
 Parity flag
 After the of the arithmetic
and logical operation if the
result is even then this flag is
set.
 Ex. 0A-02 = 08
 Auxiliary carry flag
 During BCD arithmetic operation
when a carry is generated by D3 bit
and passed on to D4 bit then this
flag is set.
 Ex. 1F+11 = 0001 1111 +

0001 0001
= 0010 0000
 Timing and control
 It
synchronizes all the
operation with the clock and
generates the communication
between the microprocessor
and peripherals
 Instruction Register and
decoder
 The instruction is loaded in
the instruction register
 The decoder decodes them
and establishes the
operation that has to be
performed
 Register array
 The W and Z register are
temporary registers
 Used to hold the 8 bit data
during the execution and it is
used internally .
 It is not used by the
programmer.
 Control and status
signals
Machine IO/M S1 S0
Cycle
Opcode fetch 0 1 1

Memory read 0 1 0

Memory write 0 0 1

I/O read 1 1 0
I/O write 1 0 1
Interrupt ack 1 1 1
Halt Z 0 0
Hold Z X X
 Arithmetic and Logical
unit
 It is an 8 bit register
 It is used for performing
addition, subtraction and
logical operation.
 AND, OR, NOT, XOR, CMP are
some of the logical operation.
 Program Counter
It is a 16 bit register
It is used to point out the
address of the next
instruction which is to be
executed
 Stack pointer
 It is a 16 bit register
 It points the starting address
of the stack .
 Register Array
 B, C, D, E, H and L are
general purpose register
 All are 8 bit register

 If the are combined as BC, DE

and HL they can store 16 bit
data
 Instruction set
 An instruction is a binary pattern
designed inside a microprocessor
to perform a specific function.
 A group of instruction together
called as instruction set.
 Group of instruction set is called as
a program.
 Classification of
instruction set
 According to word size or
byte size it is classified into
3 types.
 1 - byte instruction
 2 - byte instruction and
 3 - byte instruction
 1 byte instruction
 Itincludes the Opcode and the
Operand in the same byte.
 Ex. MOV A,B

 Ex. CMP B

 Ex. ANA B

 Ex. RAL
 Opcode an operand
 The task to be performed
is called Opcode
 The data to be operated is
called Operand.
 2 byte instruction
 The first byte specifies the
operation cod eand the next
byte specifies the operand
 Ex. MVI A, 10

 Ex. SUI A, 34
 3 byte instruction
 The first byte specifies the
opcode and the next two bytes
specifies the 16 bit
address/data.
 Ex. LXI H, 4500

 Ex. JMP 5000

 Classification of
Instructions
 The 8085 instruction are classified
into 5 categories. They are..
 Data transfer operations

 Arithmetic operations

 Logical operations

 Branching operations and

 Machine control operation

Data transfer operations

 Group of data form a source location are copied to

the destination location without changing the
original data.
Various types of data transfer are:
 Between registers

 Specific byte to a register or a memory location

 Between memory location and a register

 Between an I/O device and accumulator

 Arithmetic operations
 Functionlike addition, subtraction,
increment and decrement operation
are performed
Ex. ADD B
Ex. SUB B
Ex. INR B
Ex. DCX H
 Logical operation
 These instruction perform various
logical operation with the contents of
the accumulator.
 Ex. AND B

 Ex. ORA

 Ex. RAR

 Ex. CMP B

 Ex. CMA
 Branching operation
 Italters the sequence of
program executing either
conditionally are
unconditionally
 Ex. JMP 5000

 Ex. JNC 4500

 Machine control
operation
 Itcontrols the machine
operation
 Ex. HALT

 Ex. NOP

 Ex. INTR
 Addressing modes
 The various ways of specifying the operand
are called the addressing mode.
It classified is as
 Immediate addressing

 Register addressing

 Direct addressing

 Indirect addressing

 Implied addressing mode

Immediate addressing
mode
Instructions that use
immediate addressing

MVI R, DATA
Register Addressing
mode

MOV Rd, Rs
Direct addressing mode

Instructions that include a

direct address

IN/OUT Port #
LDA 4500
 Indirect addressing
mode
 Register indirect instructions
reference memory via a register
pair.

LXI Rp, 16 bit address

 Implied addressing
mode
Instruction deals with the
accumulator

ORA
RAL