TEACHING

ENGLISH
ACROSS
CULTURE
By : Rahmadina Butar
1060110016
Language and Culture
Language and society, in this case is


closely related cultural so that one can

not understand one of them is separately.
To understand a society, someone is not
enough by seeing their daily activities or
simply analyze the results their culture.
Symptoms of Language
Transfer and Interference
According to the definition taken from the
Dictionary of Language Teaching and
Apllied Linguistics, transfer language
means "the effect of one language on the
learning of another. " This means the
transfer of language is a language effect,
which is usually the first language or
mother tongue is controlled by learners,
the process of mastering another
language or target language.
Symptoms of Language
Transfer and Interference
Interference itself divided into various


types. In general, Ardiana (1940:14)

divides into five kinds of interference,
namely :
 1. Cultural Interference
 2. Semantic Interference
 3. Interference lexical
 4. Phonological interference
 5. Grammatical Interference

1. Cultural Interference
Interference is also called the cultural or
cultural interference can reflected through
the language used by someone who is
bilingual or mastered two languages, at
least the mother tongue and target
language are studied.
1. Cultural Interference
Examples of interference Indonesian culture to the
english language are:
S1: I'm sorry, Bob. Um .... I want to ask you a

question.
S2: You do not have to say sorry, Johnny.

S1: Er ... I want to ask you a question.

S2: Yes, please.

After one hour ...
S1: I'm sorry, Bob. I want to ask you a

question ... .. er ....

S2: You do not have to say sorry every

time you ask me a question. OK, what's

your question?

At the next meeting ...
S1: I'm sorry, Bob. I want to ask you a

question.
S2: Joko, you do not make a mistake, do

not say sorry if You Want to ask me a

question ...

2. Semantic Interference
Semantic interference is interference that
occurs in the use of words that have a
variable in a language. Semantics
interference is where the choice of
Indonesian lexicon affect election use to
use a word and its placement in the
sentence English.
2. Semantic Interference
 One example of the semantic
interference Indonesian in English
usage is as follows.
* I will from the make the homework

soon.
. In English, the sentence correct and


acceptable is lexical and grammatical.

 * I will do the homework soon.

In English, the sentence correct and


acceptable is lexical and grammatical.

 * I will do the homework soon.

3. Interference lexical
Lexical interference, must be contrasted
with the loan word (respect). Loanwords
or integration has been fused with a
second language, while interference can
not be accepted as part of a second
language. The entry lexical items first
language or foreign language into second
language is disturbing.
4. Phonological interference
Phonological interference include
intonation, rhythm and articulation space.
In a sound system of a foreign language,
people find that there foreign language
sounds similar to mother tongue, which
has the same structure and also have the
same distribution.
Learners who speak Indonesian mothers who are
learning English are likely to transfer the sound- the
sound of his own language into English sounds. This
can be exemplified by the following table :
No Phoneme Ex. word Correct Pronunciation Usually spoken
Pronunciation

1 i: machine mə'∫i:n i, I
2 I Think θIŋk I
3 æ Man Mæn E
4 a: Path pa:θ Λ, e,
5 aƲ No nəƲ o, oƲ
6 ɔ: Chalk tʒɔ:k ɒ, Λ
7 eə bear beə(r) e, Iə
5. Grammatical Interference
Reference grammatical occur at levels
that are above levels words, for example
in the structure of syntax. Included in this
is the preparation of the English sentence
which still the structure referring to the
Indonesian. Placement English words in
structure is sound or feels unnatural and
strange.
The usual case there is someone to translate from
Indonesian to english language per word, which
automatically refers only to the meaning of each
word not the meaning one sentence in its entirety.
In this case may be illustrated as follows.

 * Usually I take a bath at 6 am


* Usually I take a bath at 6
am
Usually the sentence is used when
someone want to say "Usually I take a
bath at six in the morning." In order, the
sentences in the language Britain is
already in accordance with the sentence
with the Indonesian version. But in
English, in general, adverbs that the time
midsentence classified as adverbs such as
'usually', 'always', and 'Often' rarely
placed at the beginning of the sentence.
Multiculturalism in the
Language Learning
English teachers must be receptive and


culturally placing the issue of multiculturalism

to foster differences learners. To do this, can
be done according to the stages as follows:
 1. Personnel recognize each student.
 2. Conducting a Multicultural Day.
 3. Entering multiculturalism as a hidden
curriculum in subjects or subjects being
taught.
 4. Implementing cooperative learning

THANK YOU