YANTRA-SHASTHRA

YANTRA
• Defination
naanaaivaVanaa Salyaanaa naanaadoSaPa`baaiVnaama\ È
Aahtu-maByaupayaao yastVn~aM tcca dXa-nao ÈÈ A.h.saU.25
The one which is used to remove shalya from different parts of the body
is called as Yantra.

• Types of yantras

1.Swastika Yantra -24

2.SadnshaYantra -2
3.Tala Yantra -2
4.Nadi Yantra -20
5.Shalaka Yantra -28
6.Upayantra - 25
Pradhan Yantra - hand
A~a hstmaova p`QaanatmaM yan~aaNaavagacC È
ikM karNama\ yasmaawstadRto yan~aaNaamap`vaRi<arova È
tdQaIna%va%aayan~aM kma-Naama ÈÈ sau.saU.7­3

As no instrument can be used without holding it in hand therefore

hand if first and the most important Yantra.
 Yantra Dravya

taina p`ayaXaao laaohaina Bavaint È

t%p`it$pkaiNa vaa tdlaaBaao ÈÈ sau.saU.7­7
• Yantras can be made of any of the following materials like gold silver
copper Vanga Shisha
• Nowadays Yantras are made of stainless steel

• GUNAS OF YANTRAS
samaaihtaina yan~aaiNa Kr XlaxNamauKaina ca È
sauZRaina sau$paiNa sauga`haiNa ca karyaot ÈÈ sau.saU.7­9

1] Varnabahukum
2] Mrudu
3] Sudrudh
4] Surupa
5] Sugrahita
 Doshas of yantra
• Atisthula
• Asara
• Atideergha
• Atirasvha
• Agrahi
• Vishamgrahi
• Visham
• Atyunnatam
• Mrudukilam
• Mrudumukham
• Mrudupasham
 Swastika Yantra
.

When opened they resemble a Swastik so called as Swastika yantra

they are also called as Artery forceps or midwifery forceps
• Appearance
masaUra@RitiBaÁkIlÝÁAvabawaina È
maulao AMkuXavat AavaR<avaarMgaaiNa ÈÈ sau.saU.7­10

These are like masoor daal joint at the center with a nail.

• TYPES
These are 24 in no. Out of which 9 are Pashumukhi and 15 are
called Pakshimukhi
Swastika Yantra
 15 Pashimukhi
9 Pashumukhi
kMk
isaMh
kurr
vyaaV`
caasa
vaRk Baasa
trxa SaSIVatI
?xa ]laUk
WIpI icallaI
maajair Syaona
EaRRgaala gaRV
maRgaovaiSUa k`ÝcaM
BaRMgaraja
AMjalaI
kNa-ivaBaajana
naMdImauKI
kMk
 USE
• To remove shalya from hard structures like bone etc.
AiX)a ivadYz XalyaaowrNaa)a-ma ]pidXyato È sau.saU.7­10
• Pashumukhi yantra are thick heavy and so they all to used to remove
those Shalyas which are visible externally .

• Pashumukhi Yantras are like neck of birds thin slender long and so are
used to remove those shalyas which are deep inside structures .

Parts of Yantras
These yantras consist of 3 parts
1. Mukha
2. Kantha
3. Varanga
Mukha- It is for holding the shalya .
Kantha- It is the middle portion which connects the 2 halves with a nail .
Varang- It is the part for holding the yantra with the help of fingers .
 According to Sushrut
It is of two types
• Sanigraha
• Anigraha

According to Modern
Instruments are of 3 types

• Based on inventors name

E.g. Ferguson’s Forceps, Simpson’s forceps

• Based or usage
E.g. Artery Forceps Obstetric Forceps c Cheetle Forceps Towel
Forceps

• Based on appearance
E.g. Lions forceps, Groeodyle Forceps
 Naadi yantra
Definition:

Naadi yantras are tubular structures with holes at one

end or both the ends being hollow in the middle
naaDI yaMHaaiNa naaDIvat\ mahyaaiCp`aNaI È
ektao mau#aaina ]Bayatao mau#aaina ca ÈÈ

Appearance: Based on the use and site these can be bent

or straight also these can be open at one end or both
ends
 Types
These are of 12 types which are 20 in number

• Bhagandhar Yantra -2
• Arsho Yantra -2
• Vrana Yantra -1
• Basti Yantra -4
• Mutravriddhistrava Yantra -2
• Dakodristrava Yantra -1
• Dhumanetra Yantra -1
• Niruddhiprakash Yantra -3
• Sanniruddhaprakash Yantra -1
• Alabu Yantra -1
• Shringa Yantra -1
Naadi yantra
 Uses
According to Sushrut following functions are performed by naadi
yantras

1) Vyadhidrishan - In Arsha Yoni etc.

2) Puranam - In filling up ears nose
3) Straranam -As drainage tube in urine retention, Haemorrhage,
Abscess .
4) Shastrakarma Shoukyrtham- For given Shastra Kshara Agni Karma
5) Achushan- For removing various Dushirish Dustastanya
6) Pradhanam -For fumigating the nostril
7) Removal of strotogata shatya
8) Vranaidharangam -For cleaning up the wound with decoctions
 Bhagandhar Yantra
• It is of two types of Ekchadra, Dwichadra

• Appearance – It is having an opening in the basal part which is

open till the entire length.

• Measurements – It is 4 Anguli long and 5 Anguli circumference for

males at the base it should be the size of the thumb and the tip of
the little finger and 6 Anguli long for female’s resp.

• Uses It is used for visualizing the Arsha Bhagandar etc. And for
Kshar Agni Karma
Bhagandhar Yantra
 Arsha Yantra
It is of two types Ekchadra, Dwichadra

• Appearance: It is similar to Bhagandar Yantra

• Measurements: It is 4 Anguli long. The circumference is 5 and 6

Anguli for males and females resp. The opening is 3 Anguli long.

• Uses:
Dwichadra Yantra is used for Darshan of Arsha etc. And Ekchadra
Arsha yantra is used for Ksharagnishastra Karma.
Arsha Yantra
 Vrana Yantra
• Appearance - It is long tubular structure whose one end contains a bag
made up of flesh etc.

• Measurements - It is 4 Anguli long according to Sushrut. The opening of the

tube must be the size of a pea.

• Uses - It is used for giving Vranabhyang and Snehan

 Basti Yantra
These are 4 in number ie
a) Bal
b) Yuva
c) Prodha
d) Vrudha

• Appearance - These are similar to Vrana Yantra made up of Bastinetra

and Basti pot.
For Basti pot or bag - It is made up of bladder of cow, deer, buffaloes;
pig etc cleaned properly with pores. It should be soft
Bastinetra - It should be made up of gold, copper, tusks, iron horn etc.
• Measurements -
For 1 year old child 6 Anguli long and diameter of Basti netra
Kanishtaka
Till 16 years old and diameter or circumference till that of middle finger
Kulatya should be able to pass through it.
For 25 years old or more - 12 Anguli long.
• Uses – It is used forgiving basti with kushaya or oil etc.
 Uttarbasti
It is of two types different for males and females.

• Appearance: It is a tubular structure with small holes at one

end and a bigger opening at the other end
It is equal in diameter in entire length

• Measurements – For males it is 14 Anguli long

For females it is 10 Anguli long

• Uses: It is used for Mutraghata, especially Mutrajathar,

Vatashtathila, Mutragrati, Vatakundalika
 Mutravistravanatham
It is the canula of Trochar-Canula.
It is Yantrashastra together .
 Dakodar Yantra
It is bigger sized canula

• Appearance: It has an opening at both the ends and has a bigger diameter as
compared to Mutravistravana Yantra

• Measurements: It is 4 Anguli long generally

• Uses: It is used along with Vrihmukhi in cases of Ascites, Shoth etc.

iWWara nilaka ipcCnailaka ca ]dkaodro È

vaa saU.
 Dhum Netra
It is used for Dhumapan
Appearance and measurements:
The proximal end should have circumference of little finger and the distal
end that of the thumb.

Length - According to Sushsutra 4014

• Snehan Dhuma - 32 Anguli

• Vaicharika Dhuma - 24 Anguli
• Kasaghna, Vamiyana Dhuma - 40 Anguli

Proximal end is to be put inside mouth and distal end is to be burnt

Number - It is of 4 types according to Sushrut

Uses- For Dhumapan

 Nirudhaprakash Yantra
It is of 1 type according to Sushrut
inaruwp`kaSao naaDI laaohImauBayataomauKIma\ È
darvaI vaa jatukRt`aM VRtaaByaktaM p`vaSayaot ÈÈ
Hyahat\ Hyahat\ s)aulatyaM samyak\naaija p`vaSayaot È
sHaaotao ivavaV-yaota evaM –– – – – – – ÈÈ sau. ica 20–43–
45

• Measurements: No references available but the circumference at

proximal part is more and that at distal part should be less at base

• Uses- It is used for dilation of Mutramarg ie. Marga Vishoyana

Nirudhaprakash Yantra
 Sanniruddha Gudra Yantra
[Proctoscope]
These are greater in circumference
from base to the apex. These can
be compared to rectal speculum

• Uses - It is used for Gudamarg

Vishodhan
 Mutramargavishodhanartha
(Urethral Bougie or Sound)
• 1 in number.
• Appearance:-front is slight small & at the
root slight broad.
• Dimension:-front is like Maltipushpa &
rounded shalaka.
• Uses:-in constricted urinary passage.
Mutrasharkara.
stricture, etc.
Mutramargavishodhanartha
[Urethral Bougie or Sound]
 Sadamsha Yantra
[Dissecting Forceps]
According to types ,these are 2 in numbers.
But according to appearance, dimensions they may varies.
In this grip of yantra is like a damsha therefore it is called
sadamsha yantra.
 Appearance
• These are having 2 parts
• They are joined in one end & other end
was free.
• A metal plate bended like “U” shaped may
called sadamsha yantra.
 Explanation :-

• Like swastik yantra these are also classified into

sanigraha,anigraha,sanibandhan,ninirbandhan.

• According to dalhan sanigraha & sanibandhan are the

one & the same.and like that anigraha means
ninirbandhan.
• Some others classified it in 4 types
i.e.sanigraha,anigraha,vakradwibahu & kilabaha
vimuktagra.
• But according to sushrut these are of 2 types.
• According to modern science these are called as
dressing forceps, dissecting forceps.
• Vagbhat mentioned the machundi or
muchuti type of sadamsha yantra.
• It is having the ring near the frontal
portion.
 Sadamsha Yantra
[Dissecting Forceps]
 Alabu Yantra
It is used for Raktavasechana, Kaphavrushthi Vikara
AlaabaukTukM $xaM tIxNaMca piTkIit-tma\ È
tsmaacClaoYmaaopsaRMYTo tu ihtM tdvasaocanao ÈÈ sau.
saU 13–5

It is Katu Ruksha Tikshna Gunatmaka

It is used for Kaphajaraktadrishti Vikar for Raktavistravana

• Measurements
It is 4 Anguli long with circumference of 8 Anguli. According to
modern medicine it can be used for cupping
 Dimensions
• 16 Anguli & 6 Anguli both are mentioned
• According to need big or small yantra
should be used.
 Uses
• Useful in removing
Twak,mamsa,sira,snayugata shalya.
• For twak & snayu – sanigraha yantra is
used.
• For sira ,mansa ,antra – anigraha yantra is
used.
Abalu Yantra
 Tala Yantra
[Retractors]
• According to types these are 2 in number.
• According to dimension they are various in
numbers.
 Appearance
• Like palates of fish they are flat & slightly
bending therefore these are called as Tal
Yantra.
• If it is bending at one side only then it is
called Ektal Yantra.
• If it is bending at both sides then it is
called Dwital Yantra.
 Explanation
According to modern these are called as
scoop or ear scoop.
 Dimensions
• It should be 12 Anguli in length.
• These are used according to its small,
large, big, broad size.
 Uses
• For holding the shalya or the body parts.
Tala Yantra
[Retractors]
 Shalaka Yantra
Types
1] Gandupadamukhi- Number
2] Sarpafana - 2
3] Sharpunkha - 2
4] Badishmukhi - 2
5] Masurdalmatramukhi - 2
6] Karpaskrutoshnisha - 2
7] Darvyakrut i- 6
8] Jambavvadna - 3
9] Ankushvadna - 3
10] Kolasthidalmatramukhi - 3
11] Anjanartha - 1
12] Mutramargavishodhanartha - 1
1
 Gandupadamukhi shalaka
• These are of 2 types –
1. Small
2. Big
Appearance – At the one end knot like
structure is there. this is also called as
probe.
Explanation - There are 2 types of eshani
shastra are mentioned. Among them one
is sharp & other is blunt.
• Dimensions – 6-8 Anguli in length.
• Uses – for doing Eshan karma.
for measuring length & breadth of vrana,
nadivrana.
used for vyuhan,chalan.
• Sushruta mentioned the use of Eshan in the
Bhagandar Shastrakarma.This type of yantra is
called butterfly probe & director.
It helps in the chedan of Bhagandar Nadi.
Gandupadamukhi shalaka
 Sarpafana shalaka
• These are of 2 types
• Appearance – front portion appear like snakes
head. therefore name is sarpafana.
• Dimension – 1] 16 Anguli
2] 12 Anguli
according to vagbhat.
• Uses – vyuhan
• To retract the organ outside
• To retract the shalya
Sarpafana shalaka
 Sharapunkha
• These are of 2 types
• Appearance – shape of front part like arrow.
• Dimension – 10-12 Anguli, these are 2 in
number.
• Uses – for doing chalan karma [tongue tie]
 Badishmukha
• These are of 2 types
• Appearance:-This is hook like structure.
1.Swanat means good curved.
2.Natyanat means less curved.
• Uses:-for Aaharan,Ashmari
In females it is used in removing Mudhagarbha.
This yantra is called as blunt hook & crochet.
This yantra is used for Eshan,Vyuhan, Chalan, Aaharan
purpose.
 Masurdalmatramukha
• According to size they are 2 in number
• Appearance:-at the front side it is apper like Masurdal.
• Dimension:-one is 8 fingers long & another is 9
fingers long.
• Uses:-Strotogata Shalya Aaharan.
As a scoop.
 Karpaskrutoshnisha
• These are the 6 small & large size sticks;
in which cotton is wrapped around it.
• Appearance:-sticks are having cotton swab
at one end.
• Uses:-for cleaning purpose.
for Pramarjan.
• Places where it can be used:-
for cleaning of ear, nose, anus & other
body parts (swabs).
Karpaskrutoshnisha
 Darvyakruti
• These are of 3 types according to their
size i.e. Tea, Table, Dessert Spoons.
• Appearance:-appear like Darvi means
spoon like. These are in their big or small
size.
• Dimension:-its size is equivalent to nail of
Kanishthika, Madhyama & Anamika.
Length is 8 Anguli.
Darvyakruti
 Jambavvadana
• Appearance:-shape is
like jambav.
• Uses:-for kshar &
agnikarma.
 Ankushvadana
• It is 3 in number.
• Appearance:-shape is like Ankush.
• Uses:- for kshar & Agnikarma.
now a days these are not in a use
 Kolasthidalamatramukhi
• It is 1 in number
• Appearance:-external appearance is rough. Its front part is
looks like half seed of kola phala (semicircular).
• Uses:-Nasarsha.
lekhan of Nasarbuda.
Agnikarma.
scaler,nasal curette.
 Anjanartha
• It is1 in number
• Appearance:-both ends are sharp & pointed.
• Uses:-Anjanartha.
(Lehanartha anjana shalaka-made up of Tamra.
Ropanartha anjana shalaka-made up of Loha.
Prasadnartha anjana shalaka-made up of swarna.)