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EMBRYOLOGY
PRESENTED BY:
AMRITHA S ANAND
1ST YEAR MSc NURSING
Embryology : is the science of the
early development of organisms,
between the one-cell stage
(generally, the zygote) and the
beginning of free living.
Stages of Human
Development:
1.Prenatal development
(before birth)
2. Postnatal development
(after birth)
EVENTS IN THE FEMALE
REPRODUCTIVE CYCLE:
OVULATION TO IMPLANTATION
Ovulatory
Hormonal
Endometrial
FIRST WEEK OF DEVELOPMENT
COTD….
• Menstruation
• Fertilization
CONTACT AND FUSION OF THE
GAMETES:
Phase I:
Penetration of the corona radiata
Phase II:
Phase III:
membranes
•
Cleavage:
Mitotic cell division of the
zygote to form blastomeres
Blastomeres:
The emberyonic cells formed
by cleavage (division)
Morula:
When 12 or more blastomeres
have formed, mulberry shaped
1- morula : 2- blastula
Blastocyst:
•
• Implantation (Nidation)
Attachment of the
to endometrial wall of the uterus
starts 6-7 days after fertilization (end of 1st
week)
Fertilization to
Implantation
SECOND WEEK OF DEVELOPMENT
GASTRULATION:
The process that establishes all the
• ECTODERM
• MESODERM
• ENDODERM
GASTRULATION
FORMATION OF NOTOCHORD
•
• By the 17th day of development, the
mesoderm layer and notochordal
process separate the endoderm and
ectoderm layers entirely with the
exception of the prochordal plate in the
cephalic region and the cloacal
membrane in the region caudal to the
primitive streak. Both regions consist of
the tightly adhering endodermal and
ectodermal layers.
• By the 18th day of development,
notochordal cells proliferate and form a
solid cord, known as the definitive
notochord.
Notochord
GROWTH OF GERM DISC
• The embryonic disc,becomes elongated with
a broad cephalic and a narrow caudal end.
THIRD TO EIGHTH WEEK OF
DEVELOPMENT
EMBRYONIC PERIOD
• Extends from the 3rd to the 8th
week of development.In this
period, three germ layers give
rise to its own tissues and organ
systems.
DERIVATIVES OF THE ECTODERMAL GERM
LAYER
• At the beginning of the 3rd week of
development, the ectodermal germ
layer has the shape of a flat disc
which is broader in the cephalic
region than it is caudally.
• With the appearance of the notochord,
thickens to form the neutral plate.
Cells of the plate make up the
neurectoderm and their induction
represents the initial event in the
process of neurulation
Lateral folds
will join ventrally
•