INTERPRETATION

AND REPORT
WRITING

BY SAURABH CHAURASIA
&
AVIJIT MAHATA
PGPM II
 WHAT IS
INTERPRETATION?

It refers to the task of drawing inferences

from the collected facts after an analytical
or experimental study

Extracting meaningful information from

the data
 REASONS FOR
INTERPRETATION?
Researcher can well understand the abstract
principle that work beneath his finding.

Interpretation leads to the establishment of

explanatory concepts that can serve as a guide
for future research studies.

It lead to the make others to understand the

real significance of his research finding
TECHNIQUES OF DATA
INTERPRETATION
Researcher must give reasonable
explanations of relations which he has
found.
Researcher must interpret the lines of
relationships in terms of the underlying
processes
Researcher must try to find out the tread of
uniformity that lies under the surface layer
of his diversified research.
TECHNIQUES OF DATA
INTERPRETATION

Extraneous information, if collected during

the study must considered while
interpretation the final results of research
study, for it may prove to be a key factor in
understanding the problem under
consideration.
Take an consultation with some one having
insight into the study and point out the
omissions and error logically. It·ll lead to the
correct interpretation and will enhance the
utility of research results.
TECHNIQUES OF
DATA
INERPRETATION
Researcher must accomplish the task
of interpretation only after
considering all relevant factor
affecting the problem to avoid false
generalization.
Researcher need to be patient while
interpretation of data otherwise it·ll
lead to inaccurate conclusions.
PRECAUTION IN
INTERPRETATION
Researcher must satisfy himself that
Data are appropriate, trustworthy and
adequate for drawing inferences.
While interpretation researcher must
remain cautious about the errors that
can possibly arise in process of
interpreting results.
While in the course of research study,
there should be constant interaction
between initial hypothesis, empirical
observation and theoritical conceptions.
REPORT WRITING

It·s considered a major component of the research

study for the research task remains incomplete
till the report has been presented or written.
It·s explain the significance of writing research
report
STEPS IN REPORT
WRITING
Logical analysis of subject matter
Preparation of the final outline
Preparation of rough draft
Rewriting and polishing
Preparation of final bibliography
Writing the final draft
TYPES OF REPORT

TECHNICAL REPORT
Format

Your report needs a good Format and

structure ² it should include most of the
following categories:
Heading Page
Content List
Executive Summary
Background / Introduction
Methods
Results
Observations
Conclusions and Appendices
Heading Page
Leave the Report heading page ¶til last!
The report Header needs a lot of thought & first
impressions count when looking at a report
It·s the secret to making a simple report look
absolutely brilliant! The header is fun to create!
Think about the Layout of the front page:
Size and Style of font
Color of font (the bigger the font enables you to use a
lighter color)
Use of images and logos

Use the Report Templates via Microsoft WordŒ

Contents Page
This is obviously another page you will leave
until you have compiled the main body of the
report
A contents list is only necessary for a
lengthy report
Give each section of your report a title and
cross refer this to a page number
Page numbers can be automatically entered
by setting the appropriate section of the
Microsoft WordΠHeader or Footer
Executive Summary

An Executive Summary is a real ¶must· if

your report is a really lengthy one
An executive summary provides bullet
points of
all of the main elements of your report
It gives the ¶reader · a snapshot view of the
contents
It ensures that your main points are
emphasized
And it conveys a really professional image!
An executive summary is easy to create
once you have written the complete report
Background or Introduction
The Background or Introduction
section should set the scene for the
reader
It should explain why the information
in the report has been put together
It should details any problems that
have been identified and the effect of
any such problems on the content of
your report
Results
This section should detail the results of the
exercise ² the facts. These can be presented in
text or tabulation format, depending on the
content
If the results are quite short they can be
presented within the body of the report
Remember that charts, diagrams or graphs can be
exported from Excel or PowerPoint and embedded
into the body of the report

If, however , the results are lengthy consider if

they would be better placed as an Appendix
Observations
Sometimes presenting factual results is
simply not enough
There might be other influences that
should be mentioned
You might wish to make your own
comments on the subject of the report
Observations are not fact-
fact - based and
therefore cannot be substantiated
Observations are your views!
Recommendations

This section allows you to make

recommendations based on the findings of
your report
The recommendations could be for:
Change
Improvement
New Ideas

The recommendations should be based on the

findings / results detailed in the report
Conclusions

The ¶How· factor!

How the implementation of your ideas and
recommendations would improve
Service

Productivity

Performance

Your assessment of the outcomes

Your evaluation of the benefits
It·s your chance to really ¶sell· your ideas
and recommendations to the reader!
Appendix

Appendices allow you to add supporting

information to your report. You can attach
spreadsheets, forms, questionnaires, tables,
charts, articles ² in fact anything that will
support the content of your report
By attaching an Appendix it will allow your
report to flow, without interruption
Appendices are usually numbered using
Roman Numerals ² to
get the right effect select the font style ¶Times
new Roman· and
use capital letters e.g. Appendix I, Appendix
II, Appendix III etc.
Impact

A report is compiled of many different

elements
Always keep in mind the Impact of your
report on the Reader
The Impact of your report will be dictated
by the ¶look· ² so think about it carefully
The ¶look· can help you create a positive
image of the writer ² YOU!
End of Report Writing
Presentation

We hope that this presentation has given you

some good ideas
We hope you have enjoyed
this presentation
on the subject of
Report Writing!