Information Technology (IT)

a Defined as computer technology

(hardware/software) for processing and storing
information; and communications technology for
transmitting information
Revels of IT
—istory of IT

|
   

  
1946-1963 Vacuum tube with input by Scientific and engineering
punch cards or magnetic
tapes
1964-1976 Distributed access to Accounting, inventory, and
mainframe. Compatible business transactions
models.
1977-1984 Mid-range computers with Users involved in system
user-friendly interfaces development
1985-1996 Personal computers, local Desktop systems with
area networks spreadsheets and word
processors
1997-future Wireless technology, E-mail, e-commerce systems
Internet as primary
platform
(uality Function

a Data Collection
a Data Analysis and Reporting
a Statistical Analysis
a Process Control
a Test and Inspection
a System Design
Data Collection

a Benefits of using computers:

ÿ Faster data transmission
ÿ Fewer errors
ÿ Rower collection costs

a Principal problems:
ÿ Type of data
ÿ Amount of data
Data Collection
a Amount of data to collect and analyze based on:
ÿ Reports to be issued
ÿ Processes to be controlled
ÿ Records to be retained
ÿ Nature of quality improvement program

a Periodical analysis of quality control data to determine:

ÿ What data to retain
ÿ What data to store by another method
ÿ What data to destroy
Data Analysis, Reduction, Reporting

a Information is analyzed, reduced to a meaningful

amount and disseminated
a Activities programmed to occur automatically or on
command by operator
a Data can be analyzed while being accumulated
ÿ Information about problem provided and corrective action
taken in real-time
Statistical Analysis

a Software packages for statistical analysis

techniques
a Advantages:
ÿ Elimination of time-consuming manual calculations
ÿ Timely and accurate analyses
ÿ Can be used by practitioners with limited knowledge in
advanced statistics
Process Control

a First application of computers in process control -

Numerically controlled (N/C) machines

a For an automated factory:

ÿ Computer Numerically Controlled machines

ÿ Robots

ÿ Automatic Storage and Retrieval Systems (ASRS)

 Automated Process Control System
Sensor Actuator
Temperature, Voltage,

Pressure, Flow

Analog-to- Digital-to-
Digital Analog
Interface Interface

Digital
Computer

Actuator

Contact Contact
Input Output
Interface Interface
On/Off Switch
Benefits of Automatic Process Control:

a Constant product quality

a More uniform start-up and shutdown

a Increased productivity

a Safer operation for personnel and equipment

Automated Test and Inspection
a Similar to automated process control
a Advantages:
ÿ Improved test quality
ÿ Rower operating cost
ÿ Better report preparation
ÿ Improved accuracy
ÿ Automated calibration
ÿ Malfunction diagnostics

a Disadvantage
ÿ —igh cost of equipment
Automated Test and Inspection

a Uses of automated inspection systems:

ÿ
o/no-go inspection decisions

ÿ Sorting and classifying parts in selective assembly

ÿ —igh volume production lines

a Use of automated test systems:

ÿ To perform a complete quality audit of a product
 System Design
a Sophisticated system design required to integrate
quality functions with other activities
a Components of a total system available in:

CADD MRP II ERP

CAM CAPP —RIS
CAE CIM T(M
MRP MES
 System Design

a Expert systems ² Capture knowledge of experts as a set

of rules and relationships as problem diagnosis or
system performance assessment.
a Relational databases ² Rogical pointers that create
linkages among different data elements to describe the
relationships between them
a Adaptive systems ² Permit a system to learn from data
patterns or repetitive situations
The Internet and Other Electronic
Communication
a Intranet a E-Commerce
a Instant Messaging a Business-to-business
a Video Conferencing a Business-to-customer
a Virtual Teaming
a Document Management
a E-Rearning
a E-
overnment
Virtual Teaming

a
roup of individuals largely dependent on
electronic techniques to jointly complete a project

a
roupware helps teams communicate in cyberspace

a Reduce costs by hiring members without paying

relocation costs
 Document Management
a
lobally integrated, paperless documentation

a Characteristics of groupware software:

ÿ Audit trails track history, enable remote auditing

ÿ Support multiple organization, customer and supplier sties and mobile users

ÿ Manage organizational knowledge by means of workflow

ÿ Provide powerful security and access control features

ÿ Integration of many kinds of information

ÿ Schedule management

ÿ Rink to other software

E-Rearning

a CD-ROM-based, RAN-based, web-based

a Advantages:
ÿ Access to instruction when needed
ÿ No travelling required
ÿ Ress time
ÿ Customized to meet individual·s needs
ÿ Interactive exercises
E-
overnment

a Examples:
ÿ U.S. Patent and Trademark Office

ÿ Processing income tax returns electronically

Business-to-Business

a E-commerce applications between businesses

a Advantages:
ÿ Row-cost entry and operational costs
ÿ
lobal reach with its large number of trading partners
ÿ Reduced cycle time
ÿ Product cost savings
ÿ Improved B2B coordination
Business-to-Customer

a Electronic transmission of buyer-seller transactions

and related information between individual end
customers and one or more businesses

a 3 categories: product retailers, service retailers,

retailing intermediaries
Information (uality Issues

a Sufficiency
ÿ Enough information should be obtained

a Accuracy
ÿ
arbage in, garbage out

a Timeliness
ÿ Information should be received in a timely manner
Information (uality Issues
a Intellectual property
ÿ Patents and copyrighted information
a Security
ÿ Two major issues:
á Access security
á Transaction security
a Cyber crime
ÿ Auction fraud, credit card fraud, identity theft, travel
scams, stealing domain names
Information (uality Issues
a Privacy
ÿ Intimate details shared in online support groups, conducting financial
transactions on the web

a Pollution
ÿ Too much outdated information

a Creativity
ÿ Drawing insights and conclusions from existing information to invent,
innovate or conceptualize new systems, products or services
Technologies of the Future

a Wireless revolution
a Artificial intelligence
a Virtual e-commerce
a E-paper
a Wallet PC
a E-book
T—ANK YOU!