When Microorganisms Attack the Lungs

By: Jessica De Anda

Virus: Hanta Virus
Pathogenesis: Transmission:
•Virus is normally carried by rodents,
The disease caused by this virus is known as such as the deer mouse
Hantavirus Cardiopulmonary Syndrome(HPS). Hanta •HPS is a disease that comes from
Virus is typically airborne and first infects the lung contact with infected rodents or their
urine, droppings or saliva
parenchyma where it is phagocytized and
transported to draining lymph nodes. The virus then Symptoms:
disperses and targets vascular endothelial cells of •Early symptoms are similar to the
flu
the lung; it can also attack the heart and lymphoid
•After having the infection for a
tissue. couple of days the patient will start
to have: dry cough, headache,
nausea and vomiting, shortness of
breath and shallow breathing
Parasite: Paragonimus westermani
Santa Clara University
Lung Fluke Life Cycle: Epidemiology:
BIOL 116: Medical Microbiology •Most commonly encountered in:
Paragonomiasis infection begins when a human ingests a •Africa, Asia, and South America
crustacean that has been infected with the mature form of the
fluke; a metacercaria. The metacercaria go through the stomach Morphology:
and once inside the small intestine they bore their way through •Reddish brown oval worm
•Adult: 4-6mm wide, 3-5mm thick,
the intestinal wall, through the diaphragm and into the lungs
where it continues to form a capsule and develops into an adult. 7-12mm long
Symptoms:
•Dry cough
•Blood stained rusty brown sputum

Treatment: •Chest pain- pleurisy may develop

•There is no specific treatment for

HPS Diagnosis:
•Early diagnosis and treatment in an •Sputum: look for fluke eggs
intensive care unit may improve a
person's chances of recovery
Adult •Feces examined
•X-rays and biopsies

Virus Background:
•Negative sense RNA virus
•Zoonotic virus
•Member of the family
Bunyaviridae that are generally
spherical in shape
•The lipid envelope contains 2
major glycoproteins
Treatment:
•Drug: Praziquantel
Preventive measures:
•Make sure to cook seafood
References: thoroughly
http://www2.bakersfieldcollege.edu/bio16/22_resppictures.htm •Improve sanitary conditions
http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/236425-overview#showall Egg
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/imagepages/172.htm Reference: http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/parasitology/trematodes.htm

Fungus: Coccidioides immitis

Pathogenesis: Epidemiology: Pathogenesis: Bacterium: Bordetella pertussis
Structure:
• Infection is usually confined to •Gram-negative
Coccidioides immitis is a pathogenic fungus that causes the subjects in the endemic regions Bordetella pertussis causes whooping cough. At first •Aerobic coccobaccilli
lung infection Coccidioidomycosis The fungus resides in the of North and South America, with
most cases seen in the
symptoms are mild, and then develop into severe
Virulence factors:
soil and is dormant during dry weather. In moister weather southwestern United States coughing fights and when the patient takes a breath a
•Pertussis toxin
the fungus develops as a mold with long filaments that Transmission: deep “whooping” sound is produced. Transmission of B.
•Adenylate cyclase toxin
break off into airborne spores. The spores are known as •Coccidioidomycosis is not
pertussis is from an infected person by aerosolized
•Filamentous hemagglutinin
arthroconidia and can be swept into the air by strong winds transmitted from person to droplets. The bacteria colonizes ciliated cells of the
person •Hemolysin
or disruption of the soil in which the fungus is situated. respiratory mucosa and reproduce rapidly.
Inhalation of arthrospores is the portal of entry for the vast •Person becomes infected by
breathing in fungal particles from
majority of coccidioidal infections. Once in the respiratory soil. The infection starts in the
Symptoms:
lungs
tract, spherules proliferate, and host cell–mediated •Initial symptoms similar to common
immunity is crucial for controlling the infection. Symptoms: cold
•Chest pain, cough (possibly •Severe cough begins after 10 to 12
producing blood), body aches, days of infection- coughing ends with
loss of appetite, and many more “whoop” noise
Treatment: Diagnosis:
•There are 3 forms of
Virulence factors of B. pertussis Binding of pertussis toxin to host
•Can be cultured on modified Bordet-
coccidioidomycosis: acute, cell membranes Gengou medium, charcoal-horseblood
chronic, or disseminated agar (Regan-Lowe) or grown in
•Acute disease resolves on its supplement Stainer-Scholte broth
own •B. pertussis DNA can be detected by
•Disseminated or severe disease PCR
Spores of the fungus Coccidioides immitis should be treated with •Circulating antibodies appear in week 3
amphotericin B, ketoconazole, of illness and peak in the eighth to tenth
fluconazole, or itraconazole week
Chest x-ray showing the Gram stain of B. pertussis
affects of coccidioidomycosis. Treatment:
In the middle of the left lung
•Erythromycin- reduces infectious
(seen on the right side of the period
picture) there are multiple, thin- References:
References:
walled cavities (seen as light http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002299/figure/A001322.B1600/
?report=objectonly http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7813/
areas) with a diameter of 2 to 4 http://www.textbookofbacteriology.net/pertussis.html
http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/297976-overview#showall
centimeters
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002299/