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What is cerebellum ?
Location
Anatomical Division
Functional Division
Functions
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= a erebellum· ² word derived from Latin word
means little brain.
= It is the portion of brain forming the largest segment of
rhombencephalon and regarded as the main sensory and motor
systems in the brainstem.
= erebellum weighs 10% and its surface
area is approx 75% of that
cerebral cortex.
= It has long been called a ²
asilent area of brain·
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erebellum lies dorsal to the brainstem in the posterior
/occipital fossa.
onnected to brain stem by 3 peduncles: -
inferior cerebellar peduncle
to the medulla.
middle cerebellar peduncle
to the pons.
superior cerebellar peduncle
to the midbrain.
Divisions ² lobes
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Ñ Vhe cerebellum is divided into 3 lobes by two

fissures ² Posterolateral fissure
² Primary fissure
Anterior lobe
Posterior lobe
Flocculonodular lobe
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= £estibulocerebellum.
Small flocculonodular cerebellar lobes
Adjacent portion of the vermis.
= Spinocerebellum
Most of the vermis of the
posterior and anterior
cerebellum
Adjacent intermediate zones.
= erebrocerebellum
Large lateral zones
 



 
  

= erebellum has about 30 million nearly identical

functional units.
 

 
   



 




At three levels :
= £estibulocerebellum
= Spinocerebellum
= erebrocerebellum.
   
   ² Its function in Association with
Brain stem and Spinal ard

= Phylogenetically originated with vestibular apparatus.

= Provide equilibrium during rapid motions which involve changes in
direction.
= Balance between agonist and antagonist muscle contraction.
= Vo calculate in advance from
rates and direction, parts will
be during the next few seconds.
= Vhese calculations are key
to the brain·s progression to next
sequential movements.
   

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= Vo prevent Overshoot of Movements and to
damp movements.
Almost all movements of body are ´pedularµ
Due to momentum, all pendular movements have
tendency to over shoot.
Appropriate learned, subconscious signals stop the
movement precisely at the indented point thus
preventing the overshoot as well as tremor.
Basic characteristic of a damping system.
= ?

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ontrol of rapid movements, as in fingers in typing,

saccadic movements of eyes.

Force
developed is
weak

Movements are
slow to Movements
develop and Loss of are slow to
don·t have cere ellum turn off
extra onset
surge

Automatism of
allistic
movements will e
lost.
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Vypical function of cerebellum. .

At the onset of movements

turn on = agonist muscles
turn off = antagonist muscles Smooth, coordinate
movements of
agonist and
antagonist muscles of
distal limbs for
performing acute
At the terminal point
purposeful patterned
movements
turn on = antagonist
muscles
turn off = agonist muscles
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= Vhis part is last to evolve with greatest development in humans.

= It operates at a much more remote level because this area joins
with the cerebral cortex in the overall planning of sequential
motor movements.
 Planning of sequential movements :

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Lateral zones is concerned with what will be

happening during next sequential movement
later on.
Viming function :

= Provide appropriate timing for each

succeeding movements.
= Without timing capability, the person becomes
unable to determine when the next sequential
movement needs to begin.
= Failure of smooth progression of complex
movements like writing, running, or even talking.
÷xtramotor predictive functions :

= It helps to ´timeµ events other than movements

of body.
= For instance, rates of progression of auditory
and visual phenomena can be predicted by
brain but both of these requires cerebellar
participation.
= It is particularly helpful in interpreting rapidly
changing spatiotemporal relations in sensory
information.
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