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 —
r Currently Pakistan is at the 11th Rank in Asia in Chicken Meat Production

r The second largest livestock sector in Pakistan after dairy farming.

r Heading towards the target and playing very vital role in the provision of
animal protein at very affordable prices as compared to mutton and beef.

r Plays an important role in meeting the nutrition needs for the population
at large in Pakistan.

r The commercial poultry farming sector as a private sector enterprise is

moving with a phenomenal growth of 15-20 % per annum.

r Pakistan is the 2nd largest producer of Boiler Meat in the sub-continent.

 —

r Per capita consumption increase 4% per annum

r GDP Share of Poultry 1.1%
r Contribution in total meat production 19%
r Poultry Farms in the country 21674
r Poultry Feed Mills 141
r investment 200 billion
r Directly or Indirectly connected people 1.5million
 | 
 
i. Fixed Investment in poultry sector is over Rs.200 Billions.
ii. Presently turnover of Pakistan Poultry Industry is about Rs.300
Billions.
iii. There are about 28,000 Poultry Farms in the Country.
iv. Poultry sector generates employment and income for about
fifteen hundred thousands people.
v. Poultry sector is one of the most organized branches of the agro
based sector of Pakistan. Its growth rate is 10-12% annually.
 | 
 
r vi. At present over 50 Billions' of agriculture produce and
Bio products of Agriculture are being used in poultry feeds.
vii. 40% of the total meat consumption is being procured
from poultry products.
a.We are producing 7830 Million Table eggs.
b.13,936 Metric Tons chicken meat annually.
Viii. In our Country per capita consumption of meat is only
7 KG and 60-65 eggs annually.
  | 
  
r a. Whereas developed world is consuming 41 KG
meat and over 300 Eggs per capita per year.

b. No of Hatcheries 400

c. No of Feed Mills 150

d. No of People /dependant 1.5 Millions

  | 
 
IX. POPULATION
Broiler Breeder 8.5 Million Birds
Layer Breeder 0.428 Million Birds
Commercial Broiler = 900 Million Birds
Layer Birds 29 Million Birds
Feed Consumption 5.51 M.M.T
 | 
 
|  

! 

a. Broiler Grand Parent 200,000
b. Broiler Parent Stock 7.0 Millions
Punjab 68%
Sindh 2%
N.W.F.P 30%

c. Commercial Broiler 700 Millions

Punjab 70%
Sindh 23%
N.W.F.P 5%
Baluchistan 2%
r ! 

r d. Layer Grand Parent 4000
r Punjab 100%
r e. Layer Breeder 450,000
r Punjab 67%
r Sindh 25%
r N.W.F.P 8%
r Baluchistan
r f. Commercial Layer 32 Millions
r Punjab 61%
r Sindh 32%
r K.P 5%
r Baluchistan 2%
 !



Feed 5.5 M.T.

r Punjab 82%
r Sindh 18%
r K.P -
 —"#$%$&|$'(#%)*'"#%
r Poultry in Pakistan was kept as a backyard business
for household needs.

r Prior to 1963 the native breed "Desi" was mainly rose

which produced a maximum of 73 eggs per year under
local conditions.

r In early 60͛s; Pakistan International Airline in

collaboration with Shaver Poultry Breeding Farms
started the first commercial hatchery in Karachi.

r 1st commercial Feed Mill was started by Lever Brothers

in Rahim Yar Khan
 |+," +)#$*'-#$%|$*
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r Directorate of Poultry Production at Karachi,

r The income tax exemption,

r Liberal import of parent and grand parent stocks,

r Machinery and equipment,

r Free export of poultry and its products.

 |+," )"##'#$),(($23)#
.1.10
r The Federal Poultry Board established

r Research services were introduced.

r A dramatic increase in poultry production resulted due to diverted

investments form the nationalization of industries in other sectors.

r At the same time the clustering of production units led to large

disease outbreaks and the lack of marketing facilities due to ban on
export of poultry products limited industry growth.

This phase is characterized by both the greatest success of the poultry

industry and its greatest failure
 |+," +|$*'-#$)$$3
.1/.4
r A policy to attract investment in poultry farming
by offering estate land under ten year leases.

r Commercial egg production and Broiler

production increased in this period.

r Serious financial setbacks to poultry farming in

Pakistan.

r Formation the Pakistan Poultry Association in

1979 on the advice of the Federal Poultry Board.
 |+,"5 2""$),)* *6'"#3)#
.4..
r Disease problems posed a serious threat to the sound
development and consolidation of the industry.
r The large Karachi poultry estates began to close in 1984
and a number of poultry farms closed in other areas of
Sindh.
r Production showed a decreased growth or even depression
during early 1980 particularly of increases in the Punjab,
Baluchistan and NWFP.
r Faced with disease problems, lower productivity and
numerous environmental and climatic difficulties, some of
more successful farmers decided to produce under more
modernized conditions and to establish their poultry farms
in cooler, less polluted area of the country.
 ..#$$
r 1990 - Hydro pericardium syndrome.

r 1991-92 - Gumboro attacked the chicks of broiler,

layer and parent flock that resulted
in great mortality.

r At national level institutes done efforts to reduce these

diseases.

r 1995 - Avian Influenza appeared and mortality in

parent flock rose up to 80%.
r 1996 - Parent flock increased in number due to absence of
planning.

r 1997 - Ban on serving of dinner in marriage parties that reduced

the demand of poultry products in the market up to 40%.

r 1998 - It started improving and by increase in price of chick the

companies got a great profit.

r 1999 - Again a syndrome like influenza broke that cause great loss
in some areas while some areas were safe.

r 2006 - Bird Flu broke out again due to which 40% of the industry
was destroyed.
 —+|$'(#%-#$
r Poultry produced in Pakistan is being developed
through two management systems i.e.
r $33-,(&,3)7
r ',(2$'(#%&,3)7!

r Now the investment and incentives have resulted in the establishment of

infrastructure comprising of:

ƒ Hatcheries (no.) 285

ƒ Capacity to produced day old chicks 600 m
r Broilers 574 m
r Layers 26 m
ƒ Feed Mills (no.) 141
ƒ Feed production 5 m/tons
ƒ Poultry farms (no.) 21674
 —+|$'(#%-#$
r The present total poultry population is
estimated 518 million
Out of which:

r Rural 227.92 m 44%

r Broilers 259.0 m 50%
r Layers 25.9m 5%
r Breeding stock 5.18 m 1%
—"$)$&|$'(#%)*'"#%

 ,#-+%"-#$
r Backbone of poultry industry.
r Eggs are placed in incubators for 21 days and day old
chicks sold to the farming sector.
r Its establishment requires significant investment.

 |$'(#%&,3)7"-#$
r Rearing of poultry birds / chicks for meat and eggs is
classified as poultry farming.
r It is labor intensive and requires investment for working capital
mainly for the purchase of feed, chick, vaccination, etc.
—"$)$&|$'(#%)*'"#%

r Poultry farming can further be classified into

following three categories:

ƒ Breeder Farming
ƒ Layer Farming
ƒ Boiler Framing

 *"-#$
r Major expense ion poultry industry.
r Feed mills requires huge investments for development
of infrastructure.
 —Important breeds͟
r Some of the important breeds are:
ƒ Buff rock,
ƒ Leghorn,
ƒ Light Sussex,
ƒ Rhodes Island red
ƒ Fayoumi
ƒ Dhoki
ƒ Red
 —32$#,)-$&|$'(#%
)*'"#%
r The shortage of animal protein in Pakistan has been
estimated about 1.5 million tons on the basis of
population of 140 million, which is decreasing due to
poultry.

r It has proved to be a profitable business and is a good

source of cheap, palatable and nutritious food protein.

r Poultry is being an easy and relatively cheap method of

raising the dietary standards of the people.
—18$"#$&|$*'-#$)
Poultry feed comprises of grains, such as;

r Wheat, rice, maize, sorghum 55 to 60%

r Canola meal 12 %
r Soybean meal 5-8 %
r Rice polished 10 %
r Guar meal 4-5 %
r Sunflower meal 4-5 %
r Limestone and di-calcium
phosphate 3-4 %
r Millet 3-4 %
r Fish meal 3-4 %
—',(#%$&*
r The most important factor in poultry production is the
ratio between the feed and egg/meat.

r Different feeds give different results in terms of growth

and egg production.

r Layers eat only to satisfy their body's energy.

r Chicks eat less feed in hot weather than when they do

when it is cold.

r The Pakistan Standard Institute has already adopted

nutritional standards of poultry feed though most of the feed
manufacturers do not work to any standard of quality.
 —*2$*'-#$)

„
 

 







 

 

 


 
   
 Distribution process

r The distribution process consist of three players:

r Producers

r Commission agent

r Retailers
 Distributive margins ʹ
commission agent

r The net distributive margins are highest for commission agent.

ƒ Total marketing margins Rs 6.25 per kg

ƒ Total marketing cost Rs 0.375 per kg
ƒ Profit (% of sale price) 14.90 %
(% of purchase price) 12.70 %

ƒ Total Cost 6 %
ƒ Net Profit 94 %
 —Distributive margin͟ ʹ
—Retailers͟

Last functionary in the marketing system.

ƒ Total marketing margin Rs 3.75/kg

ƒ Total marketing cost Rs 0.25/kg
ƒ Profit (% of sales price) 7 %
(% of purchase price) 7.57 %

ƒ Share in Cost 6.67 %

ƒ Profit Margin 93.33 %
 —Poultry Production͟
 
 



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r 1978 - Export of poultry products
started

r 1979-80 - Increased by 102%

r Started declining in the following years

due to severe competition from the
countries having big home markets.

r 2006-07 exports declined to $ 4,55,000

from $16,01,000 (71.58%)
 —Reasons for Decrease in Exports͟
r Global Competition
r Disease Attacks
r Lack of Refrigerated Cargo
r Non-Availability of Space for Day-Old-Chick
r High Air Freight Charges
r Lack of Subsidy for Exports
 — $)3)#="
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r Approval of Rs. 5 billion interest free loan by FPB to farm owner

affected by bird flu crisis.
r Proposal of interest free loans to small and medium sized farm
owners for 10 years.
r The board proposed special loaning facility to be provided on low
mark up for establishing of egg processing plants.
r The board recommend that wapda should provide subsidized
electricity to poultry farm houses.
r Poultry vaccines , feed additives has been allowed at zero percent
custom duty.
r Export poultry zones in the poultry intensive areas has been
planned.
r 12 laboratories have been established for surveillance diagnosis of
AI.
 —|$>(3",-*

r The supply of feed is not nutritiously balanced as there is a lack of

feed quality control.

r Poultry farms is not bound to any rules and regulations,

management and sanitary conditions and bio-security measures are
not being observed.

r The scientific way of disposal of birds is either by burying them in

incinerator or by burying them deep in the ground in the shape of
disposal pits.
 —|$>(3",-*

r Poultry farms are now being set up by big investors in closed sheds
and houses ventilated round-the-clock through fans and coolers,
posing a threat to subsistence farming.

r The majority of farmers claim that intermediaries do not follow

business ethics and try to fetch maximum profit from business
transactions.

r The sales tax on new poultry farms and 16 per cent GST on the
import of poultry-related equipment and materials has
compounded the situation.
—","",)**
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Some of the Common Diseases are;

r Newcastle Disease - affects the digestive, respiratory and/or

nervous systems.
r Hydropericardium - result of a retarded or interrupted
circulation.
r Acute Bronchitis - large airways
r Mycoplasmosis - respiratory disease
r Aflatoxicosis - eating food contaminated with mold
r Coccidiosis - parasites that live in the gut wall
r Gumboro - immune system
 —*('
r In Karachi and its suburbs, due to these diseases,
death rate has gone up to hundred per cent.

r It not only causes great losses directly to the poultry farmers but
also adversely affects other related sub-sectors indirectly.

r The government had immediately killed all the birds at the two
poultry farms and kept the workers under observation unless it
proved that they were not affected from the fatal virus.

r The poultry industry had suffered a big blow because of what

professionals called —media hype͟ about bird flu and sales of
chicken have dropped by 40 percent.

r †
 
   
 
 
  
 
 — *,)#,7"$&|$'(#%)*'"#%

r It serves as a source of income and employment to many and it has

good returns.

r Poultry meat carries an advantage over red meat (beef and mutton)
in having less percentage of fat than either beef or mutton, and is
therefore, termed as non fattening and good dietary source for the
prevention of hardening of arteries - a common ailment.
 —",*,)#,7",)*+,(()7" $&
|$'(#%)*'"#%

r Disease are very common in the poultry chicken.

r These diseases affect very quickly and have a tremendous effects

on the growth of the birds.

r The excess uses of meat also has ill-effects on the health of their
users, because the feed they eat contains lots of un-hygienic
ingredients.

r Finding good quality, cheap protein is one of the challenges of

raising and keeping chickens.
 — -$33)*,#$)"

r áuick disease diagnostic facilities.

r Improvements in housing (sheds) and equipment can provide a

healthy atmosphere.

r The use of disease-resistant stock, vaccination against specific

diseases and use of antibiotics and drugs in food and drinking
water of the birds.

r Training should be provided to the farmers regarding farm

management and other health issues.
 — -$33)*,#$)"

r The government should take measures to ensure that the meat is

disease free.

r Processing plants should be made responsible for producing

hygienic, nutritious and healthy chicken meat.

r Production of poultry meat as per international standards should be

ensured.
— -$33)*,#$)"

r Investment to modernized the industry should be encouraged.

r Fiscal incentives should be provided and long-term policies should

be made and implementation should be assured.

r A committee of competent people should also be set up to monitor

this sector and help in bringing this industry at par with the
international level.

r Health centers should be opened to provide veterinary services.