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Objective
Understand GSM system architecture and function State GSM common events Describe basic calling process
Content
GSM System Overview Voice transmission process Radio key technology Radio channel
AMPS
Market Driving
(Mobile Station)
BTS
MSC
NSS
HLR AuC
OMC
EIR
NMC
Cell
GSM interfaces
F EIR MSC
SYSTEM
Fre en ie - pin - o nin Waeen t and idt pex i tan e Carrier Separation adio C anne
P-GSM 900
890 - 915 M Hz 935 - 960 M Hz ~33 25 M Hz 45 M Hz 200 Hz 125
E-GSM 900
880 - 915 M Hz 925 - 960 M Hz ~33 35 M Hz 45 M Hz 200 Hz 175
GSM 1800
1710 - 1785 M Hz 1805 - 1880 M Hz ~17 75 M Hz 95 M Hz 200 Hz 375
GSM 1900
1850 - 1910 M Hz 1930 - 1990 M Hz ~16 60 M Hz 80 M Hz 200 Hz 300
GSM
01e n e 124
GSM1800
Many subscribers share common telecommunication lines without interference to each other.
MAT
FDMA TDMA
CDMA
GSM
FDMA
FDMA
Identify by frequency
Time
FDMA
Frequency
TDMA
TDMA
Identify by time
Time TDMA
Frequency
CDMA
CDMA
Identify by code
Frequency
Content
GSM System Overview Voice transmission process Radio key technology Radio channel
A/D
Voice coding
Channel coding
Interle aving
Encryption
Modulation
260bit/20ms
456bit/20ms
33.8kbit/s
270kbit/s
D/A
Voice decoding
Channel decoding
Deinterleaving
Decryption
Demodulation
Voice encoding
RPE LTP (Rule Pulse E citation Long Term Prediction ) 260bit/20ms=13Kbit/s voice block Parameter encoding
Channel coding
Channel coding serves to improve transmission quality and overcome the negative impact of interferences on signals. Commonly used channel coding methods are:
Channel coding
260 bits / 20ms 132 bit (Ib)
50 bit (Ia)
78 bit (Ic)
50
132
4 Protection bits
78
136 bit
78 bit
378 bit
Channel Interleving
Message block Interleving After interleving 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Error bits 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
Target: Change continuous bit errors into discontinuous bit errors which can be corrected by channel coding
Block B
456 bit
Block A+1
456 bit
Block B+1
456 bit
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Odd N+4
57
Even N
1
57
Even N+3
57
57
57
57
116-bit block
116-bit block
116-bit block
116-bit block
0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 1
0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 1
0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 1
Encryption/Decryption
Encryption is accomplished by e clusive or operation of an encryption sequence (computed by A5 encryption algorithm via key Kc and frame number) and 114 information bits on a normal burst.
GMSK is a special digital FM modulation mode The modulation rate is 270.833 kilobauds. The Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) modulation with bit rate four times of frequency offset (67.708 k )is called MSK (Minimum Shift frequency Keying). Gaussian demodulation filter is used to further reduce the modulation spectrum.
Content
GSM System Overview Voice transmission process Radio key technology Radio channel
Discontinuous Transmission
DTX
Lower the total interference level in the air Save transmitter power.
The DTX mode and the normal mode are optional, since the former will slightly lower the transmission quality.
Type
Function
Parameters
Diversity receiving
The diversity reception technology is usually introduced to the GSM system to receive on several tributaries the signals with little relativity but carrying the same information and then output the signals after they are combined. In this way, the impact of fading on the stability of receiving signals can be decreased. Types:
Lower the total interference level in the air Save transmitter power
Power control command sent by SACCH MS: Dedicated mode Static 6 level, Dynamic 15 level Step: 2dBm
Timing Advance
TA
In the GSM, because TDMA is adopted in the air interface, the MS must employ the TSs allocated to it only, and remain inactive in other TSs. Otherwise, it may affect the MSs using other TSs on the same carrier.
It does not work, Let MS send me By one TA in advance
TA
Time delay
Timing Advance
TA
BTS calculate TA Send by SACCH to MS MS Dedicated mode Range: 0-63Bits Distance: 0-35Km
Content
GSM System Overview Voice transmission process Radio key technology Radio channel
Frame N
2 3 4 5 6 7
RF
5 6
Channel 0 Channel 1
Channel 7
Physical Channels the path used to carry information between an MS and a BTS Logical Channels different information carried on the physical channels
Logical channels
Logical Channels
Control Channels
Traffic Channels
Broadcast Channels
GSM?
FCCH
BCCH MCC...MNC...Cl
Okok
SDCCH
SACCH/TCH MS power
FACCH/TCH handover
Channel Mapping
Item
Configuration
C ull TC al TC al Main CC
Combination
C / CC / CC /T TC / )+ ACC / + ACC /T TC / + ACC / + ACC /T + TC / CC + C + CC + CCC CC +SC +BCC +CCC +SDCC / + SACC /C BCC + CCC SDCC / + SACC /C CC +SC +BCC +CCC + SDCC / + SACC /C + CBC SDCC / +SACC /C +CBC
SDCC wi hCBC
A1 A5
A A
A A
I I I I I I
D D
D1 D1
D D
D D
D D
D5 D5
D D
D D
D1 D1
AGC
RAC