FILM

Film as a Medium
 It

is audio-visual. audio It is physical and concrete.  The parts represent a whole.  It works by connection.  It has the capacity to distort time and space.  It is fixed to the present, though it is futurefuture-oriented.

 Film

can bring you to different worlds.  It is not just an art, it is an industry.  It is a product of circumstances.  It is an art done by many artists .

EARLY BEGINNINGS : Silent Pictures

 1888

through a Kodak camera, which used roll of film, Thomas Edison and his assistants developed a kinetoscope.  1903 - The Great Train Robbery, an eightRobbery, eightminute film, was the first to tell a unified story, utilizing camera angles, film editing.  1915 David Griffith, produced The Birth of a Nation, the first American film epic, Nation, that ran for about three hours.

The Talkies
 1927

the first talking film was produced, The Jazz Singer, making use of the song Mammy .  Art of animation was revolutionized by Walt Disney, that produced Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937).

The Entertainment Films

 1949

more than 90 million tickets were sold weekly in American movie houses.  There were different films produced : romantic comedies, emotional dramas, and horror-thrillers. horror Special effects through technology, African American films, studios .

Digital Cinema
  

1995 - Toy Story is released, the first completely computer-generated feature film. computer19991999- Digital cinema demonstrations to the public begin. February 2000-digital cinema demonstrations 2000go international with two theaters equipped in London, England 20012001- As of January 1st there are 32 theatres in the world equipped to display digital cinema.

PHILIPPINE FILM HISTORY

3 periods : 1. Period of the Silent Pictures from 1897 to 1929 2. Talking Pictures Period from 1929 to 1970 3. Period of the New Cinema from 1971 to present

PERIOD OF THE SILENT PICTURES FROM 1897 TO 1929

3 stages : 1. The dominance of the documentary film 2. The rise of the feature film 3. Establishment of Filipino film companies 1897 six movies were exhibited at Gaumont Chronomatograph projector at the Salon Pertierra on Escolta.

 Some

of the Americans came to the Philippines to shoot local scenes and events. There were documentaries which are produced for exhibition in America. They shoot on the eruption of Taal, local bullfighting, fiesta at Obando, gold mining in Paracale.

 La

Vida de Rizal first feature film produced in 1912, based on a popular stage play by Edward Meyer Gross. Actors were from Molina-Benito Co. --Molinadramatic troupe managed by sarswela actress, Titang Molina-Gross. MolinaAnother film : El Fusilamiento de Rizal Both became box-office hits. boxFilms are stories from sarswela, awits and novels.

In 1917, Jose and Jesus Nepomuceno established the Malayan Movies. - Dalagang Bukid, an Ilagan-Ignacio Bukid, Ilagansarswela hit, was produced which starred the original stage stars, Atang dela Rama and Marceliano Ilagan. Vicente Salumbides introduced new camera techniques from Hollywood.

PERIOD OF TALKING PICTURES FROM 1929 TO 1970

3 stages : 1. Rise of the big commercial film companies 2. Achievement of technological expertise 3. Commercialization of Filipino films

1932 George Musser produced the first Filipino talking picture, Ang Asuwang . Zamboanga produced by Philippine Films for local and international release. Philippine film companies were established : 1. Excelsior and Sampaguita Pictures 2. LVN Pictures 3. X otic Films

Significant developments : - Rise of the star system - preferred actors/actresses have the resemblance of American actors/actresses, the mestizos and mestizas - Rise of movie genres - adventure/action - drama/melodrama - musical comedy - historical films

During the Japanese occupation between 1941 to 1945, film production stopped. Tatlong Maria produced by the Japanese. 1950 s the Golden Age of Filipino film - Technical expertise in filmmaking - The first award-giving bodies were awardestablished, the Maria Clara Awards of the Manila Times Publishing Company (1950(19501951) and Filipino Academy of Movie Arts and Sciences (FAMAS) (1952 onwards).

1960 s some of the studios were closed and the industry sank into its lowest periods. - Star system movies made money because they had Nora Aunor. - Action-violence were just imitations from kung Actionfu and James Bond films - Melodrama films were most often centered on love triangle - Musicals local and foreign songs, with CinderellaCinderella-like stories - Comedies toilet humor - Bomba or sex film has no other purpose than to titillate the audience

PERIOD OF THE NEW CINEMA FROM 1971 ONWARDS

Many studied film abroad.  Martial Law film artists were controlled through the government-controlled Film governmentAcademy of the Philippines.  Contemporary Filipino classics : - Ishmael Bernal s Relasyon, Broken Marriage - Lino Brocka s Maynila : Sa Mga Kuko ng Liwanag - Marilou-Diaz Abaya s Sister Stella L Marilou- Peque Gallaga s Virgin Forest, Oro, Plata, Mata


After the Edsa Revolution, Cory Aquino appointed officials to oversee and take charge all film-related government filmagencies : - MTRCB - VRB - Film Development Foundation of the Philippines (formerly Experimental Cinema of the Philippines)

2000 to present
 Independent

filmmakers spur a renewed interest in Philippine movies with mostly digital films.  Ang Pagdadalaga ni Maximo Oliveros (2005) by Aureus Solito

The Main Film Genres:

ACTION ADVENTURE COMEDY CRIME/GANGSTER DRAMA HORROR MUSICALS SCIENCE FICTION WAR WESTERNS

EPICS/HISTORICAL

ACTION FILMS
 Usually

include high energy, big budget physical stunts, possibly with rescues, battles, fights, destructive crises.  Includes James Bond fantasy series, martial arts films.

ADVENTURE FILMS
Usually exciting stories, with new experiences, very similar or often paired with action films.  They can include expeditions for lost continents, jungle and desert epics, treasure hunts, or searches for the unknown.


COMEDY FILMS
 Comedies

are lightlighthearted plots consistently and deliberately designed to amuse and provoke laughter by exaggerating the situation, the language, action, relationships and characters.

CRIME AND GANGSTER FILMS

 Crime

(gangster) films are developed around the sinister actions of criminals, particularly bank robbers, underworld figures, or ruthless hoodlums who operate outside the law, stealing and murdering their way through life.

DRAMA FILMS
 Dramas

are serious, plot-driven plotpresentations, portraying realistic characters, settings, life situations, and stories, involving intense character development and interaction.

EPICS / HISTORICAL FILMS



Epics include costume dramas, or period pictures that often cover a large expanse of time set against a vast, panoramic backdrop. Epics take historical or imagined event, myth, legendary, or heroic figure, and add an extravagant setting and costumes.

HORROR FILMS
Horror films are designed to frighten and to invoke our hidden worst fears, often in a terrifying, shocking finale, while captivating and entertaining us.  They are often combined with science fiction when the menace or monster is related to a corruption of technology, or when earth is threatened with aliens.


MUSICALS (DANCE) FILMS



Musicals/dance films are cinematic that emphasize fullfull-scale scores or song and dance routines in a significant way (usually with a musical or dance performance integrated as part of the film narrative), or they are films that are centered on combinations of music, dance, song or choreography.

SCIENCE FICTION


SciSci-fictions are often visionary and imaginative --complete with heroes, aliens, distant planets, impossible quests, improbable settings, fantastic places, futuristic technology, unknown forces, and extraordinary monsters, created either mad scientists or by nuclear havoc.

WAR (ANTI-WAR) FILMS (ANTI Acknowledge

the horror and heartbreak of war, letting the actual fighting (against nations or humankind, on land, sea or in the air).

WESTERNS
 They

are one of the oldest, most enduring genres with very recognizable plots, elements, and characters (guns, horses, dusty towns and trails, cowboys, Indians).

ACTIVITY :
Connect the following images to create a story. a. Man dancing in the dark b. Old man crying c. Bloody diary d. Broken guitar floating in the river e. Old man crying in the rain f. Lady looking at the mirror