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Lecture Goals
One-way and two-way slab Slab thickness, h
Flat slab
Comparison between a two-way twoslab verses a one-way slab oneFor flat plates and slabs the column connections can vary between:
Flat Plate
Waffle slab
The two-way ribbed slab and waffled slab system: General thickness of the slab is 2 to 4 in.
ws
B4
For B ! 2A ws ! 16 wl
Analogy of two-way slab to plank and beam floor Section A-A: Moment per ft width in planks Total Moment
M ! wl12 8 k - ft/ft
! wl2
l12 8
k - ft
Analogy of two-way slab to plank and beam floor wl1 k/ t Uniform load on each beam 2 wl1 l22 k - ft lb ! Moment in one beam (Sec: B-B) 2 8
! wl1
2 l2
k - ft
8 Full load was transferred east-west by the planks and then was transferred north-south by the beams;
The same is true for a two-way slab or any other floor system.
Perspective view
Method of Analysis
(1) Elastic Analysis Concrete slab may be treated as an elastic plate. Use Timoshenkos method of analyzing the structure. Finite element analysis
Method of Analysis
(2) Plastic Analysis The yield method used to determine the limit state of slab by considering the yield lines that occur in the slab as a collapse mechanism. The strip method, where slab is divided into strips and the load on the slab is distributed in two orthogonal directions and the strips are analyzed as beams. The optimal analysis presents methods for minimizing the reinforcement based on plastic analysis
Method of Analysis
(3) Nonlinear analysis Simulates the true load-deformation characteristics of a reinforced concrete slab with finite-element method takes into consideration of nonlinearities of the stress-strain relationship of the individual members.
fy l n 0 .8 200,000 h! E 36 5 F m 0.2
fy in psi. But not less than 5 in.
fy l n 0 .8 200,000 h!
36 9
fy in psi. But not less than 3.5 in.
0.2
Definition of Beam-to-Slab Stiffness Ratio, E Beam-toAccounts for stiffness effect of beams located along slab edge reduces deflections of panel adjacent to beams.
E!
E cb ! Modulus of elasticity of beam concrete E sb ! Modulus of elasticity of slab concrete I b ! Moment of inertia of uncracked beam I s ! Moment of inertia of uncracked slab
With width bounded laterally by centerline of adjacent panels on each side of the beam.
Example
A flat plate floor system with panels 24 by 20 ft is supported on 20 in. square columns. Determine the minimum slab thickness required for the interior and corner panels. Use fc = 4 ksi and fy = 60 ksi
Example
The floor system consists of solid slabs and beams in two directions supported on 20 in square columns. Determine the minimum slab thickness required for an interior panel. Use fc = 4 ksi and fy = 60 ksi
Example
Example
The resulting cross section: