The Forth Replacement Crossing (FRC) is to be completed in 2016

The 1966 Forth Road Bridge cost 20 million Inflated to the year 2016 the bridge should cost under 400 million So why was it price at over 4,200 million? d Not the longest Not the widest deck Not the longest span Not the highest Not the most towers Not the longest viaducts Not environmentally difficult
Issue 5a 12/10/2009 omnie@tiscali.co.uk

Around 25th from the top Others have 6 and 8 lanes Around 7th from the top Millau bridge is 4 times higher , the Millau has 7 Only 3 Many are MILES long No earthquakes/ tornados
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First a wee bit history 4th April 2000 Holyrood Building Debate A presentation was arranged prior to the debate

ONLY SIXTEEN MSPs TURNED UP

15th January 2009 - Forth Replacement Crossing Debate Scotlands biggest ever project.

ONLY SEVENTEEN MSPs TURNED UP

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SECTION 1

World Bridge Graphs

FO R T H R E P LA C E M E N T C R O S S I G N T h e M U LT I O D A L o p ti n co st M o 4 . 2 2 B ilo n li

Stays

Towers

Cable Stayed Bridge

MULTIMODAL

- Road & Tram

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NOTE : COSTS INFLATED TO 2016

COST of VARIOUS TYPES TYPES OF WORLD BRIDGES - M

he FRC was the worlds most expensive bridge.

COST of ONLY CABLE STAYED BRIDGES -M

Again the FRC is by far the most costly

COMPARATIVE LENGTH of WORLD BRIDGES

The FRC is tiny: a mere 25th in world ranking..

COST OF BRIDGES PER METRE LENGTH -100K

The average cost is under 200K per metre The FRC was 1 million pounds per metre

3.5.3 What They Typically Cost The typical cost of a cable stayed bridge ranges from $4,500 to $5,000 per Square metre

The FRC cost was $64 , 500 per square metre

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The world has only had THREE 4 Billion crossings

1 Japans Pearl Bridge 2 Sweden/Denmarks -Oresund Crossing 3 Scotlands Multimodal FRC

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The Pearl Bridge Japan Opened in 1998 for $4,300 Why is it so expensive The worlds longest suspension bridge -3,910 m

Earthquakes (8.5 Richter scale) TMD pendulums Tornadoes (180mph) hinged-girder system Fierce sea currents

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SECTION 2

THE ORESUND CROSSING

g e st/ l n g e st M u l m o d a lcro ssi g e ve o ti n

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The Oresund Project

This Megastructure links Sweden & Denmark

The Oresund Crossing

Forth Bridge
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Artificial Island

Road & Rail Bridge

7,850 metres

Road & Rail Tunnel

4050 metres

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The Oresund Crossing Superimposed in Fife From South Queensferry to Kelty

16.4 Km
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An artificial island constructed to join the tunnel and the bridge The Island is some 4 Km long The FRC is 2.7Km long

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An4 km tunnel forhad to be A artificial island shipping constructed access the water to across join the tunnel and the bridge The Tunnel has road and rail The Island is some 4 Km long It is submerged into the dredged The FRC is bed. long sea 2.7Km

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The Bridge Road & Rail (multimodal) The worlds longest - 5 MILES

3 times longer than the FRC

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The Oresund Crossing cost 4.1 Billion * The Forth Crossing cost was priced at 4.2 Billion The Oresund Project took 5 years; and the FRC???

5 years
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Do you know this man?

Professor John Kay.

Chosen Financial Adviser to the

SCOTTISH GOVERNMENT.

Public lecture Sept 2007 on the FRC

Expressed astonishment

..more than 4 times the final cost of the Ores

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SECTION 3
The multimodal option was dropped in Dec 2008

We can compare now compare it with a similar UK crossing

TH E SEV ER N B R I G E D

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FROM 4.22 billion

to 2.34 billion

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C O M PA R I G T H E FR C W I H T H E S E V E R N N T BRI G E D

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Second Severn Crossing The 1964 bridge cost 10 Million The 1996 bridge cost 480 Million

The 2016

cost is 810 Million *

*Transport Scotland have it at 890 million

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Second Severn Crossing Did the Welsh get value for money at 810 million The average cost per metre is 200k, this is 150k 4.5k
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The average cost per sq metre is 4.5k, this is

The Original Forth Bridge was built in 1966 costing 20M At current costs - 300M The FORTH REPLACEMENT CROSSING FRC is 8% longer equates to 324M So where do they arrive at 2,3400M???

The 1966 bridge cost 20 Million A pro-rate 2016 bridge should cost under 500 Million

The 2016 cost is 2 , 340 Million

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FORTH REPLACEMENT CROSSING

Are the Scots getting value for money at 2320 million? The average cost per metre is 200k, this is The average cost per sq metre is 4.5k, this is 850k 32k
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hit has land Scot port back IS IS rans .T ALYS L and R AN ICIA THEI PERF DING U Second S Severn Crossing FORTH REPLACEMENT CROSSING SLEA MI

TWICE THE SIZE A THIRD OF THE PRICE

Length Forth 2700 m Severn 5200 Lanes 4 6 Roads 4 Km 18.5 Build 5.5 Time 4 Cost 2,340 m 810

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SECTION 4 WORLD BRIDGES

Finally a look at other world bridges Is the FRC really so expensive?

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Q E II Bridge DARTFO Opened in 1991 at a cost of 86Millio

Q E II Forth

Length Lanes Towers m 2877 4 2 2700 4 3

Build Time 3 5.5

Cost 2016 139m 2,340m

The Forth Bridge

10%

longer

Engineering management contract alone cost 100M? 031

and only 6 %

of the cost of the FRC

MILLAU VIADUCT France Opened in 2004 at a cost of 350m

Length Lanes Towers m Millau 2460 4 7 Forth 2700 4 3

Build Time 3 5.5

Cost 2016 400m 2,340m

Highest Bridge in the world over 270 metres high 7 remarkable tower Broke many world records in technology

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VASCO de GAMA Opened in 1998 at a cost of $1000m

Vasco de Gama

Length Lanes Towers Build m Time 17200 6 2 1.5 2700 4 3 5.5

Cost 2016 941m 2,340m

Forth

18 months in construction. 6 lanes & 10 miles long . ALL FOR 40% OF THE COST
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STONECUTTERS BRIDGE HONG KONG

THE SCOTTISH GOVERNMENT USED THIS BRIDGE FOR COST DATA

STONECUTTERS FRC cotland... Dual 3-lanecosts are ALL INCLUSIVE Carries Stonecutters highway Dual 3-lane highway Profit with other similar mpared favourably Designer ARUP ARUP Contingencies Financing Design Cable-stayed bridge Cable-Stayed Bridge Risk Taxes Total length 1,600 m 2,700 m

stru

Forth Height

replacement crossing . Estimated million 2,340 50 m 75 m

1,300 m

Longest span 1,018 m

Stonecutters crossing

245 million
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SECTION 5 THE TUNNEL OPTION

Why was it rejected ?

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FORTH ESTUARY TRANSPORT AUTHORITY

Second Forth Road Crossing Jan 2005 Consolidated report FABER MAUNSELL

is detailed 80 page report was commission to examine FRC optio

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CONCLUSION
....more expensive than a bridge...

598M
from

ving forward

Jan 2005

to

Dec 2007

this cost rose

TENFOLD

Dont believe it ? Read on

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Finance and Sustainable Growth Secretary John Swinney Scottish Parliament Wednesday, December 19, 2007

I have set out the cost estimates for the options..

Cable-stayed bridge Suspension bridge Bored Tunnel

Do you know what the Eurotunnel cost??
FRC - 1 mile river crossing

4.2 billion 4.7 billion 6.6 billion

Eurotunnel

- 26 mile sea crossing

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THE RIVER FORTH

8 Km

6.6 ! ! ! ! ! Billion IS H
IO T

CHANNEL TUNNEL

OT

NE O

AR P

IA L

EN M

AR T

AN I

ES U

10.2 Billion

ED N

50 Km
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SECTION 6 COSTING HISTORY

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No Date Source
1 2 3 4 5 Jun 04 FETA Jan 05 Faber and Maunsell

Cost
500 m 500 m

Feb 07 Scottish Government 1,000+ m Dec 07 Scottish Government 2,790 to 3,630 m Jan 08 Scottish Government 3,250 to 4.220 m

WHY??
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What should it cost?

Based on inflation only with the existing Forth Road Bridge Based on the average cost of Cable Stayed Bridges Based on the average cost per metre Based on original Government estimates

360 million 396 million 440 million 500 million

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Facts do not cease to exist because they are ignored.

Aldous Huxley
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