Current Scenario of Insecticide Resistance in Helicoverpa armigera (Hbner) against Conventional Insecticides

Umair Faheem, Mushtaq A. Saleem, Attaullah K. Pathan, Ghulam M. Cheema and Adeel Rehan

University College of Agriculture, B.Z.University, Multan

Why H. armigera?

Commonly known as American bollworm. H. armigera is one the most notorious pest of crops. Mainly controlled by the application of insecticides. Application of insecticides has many problems;
Toxicity to plants and non-target organisms Pest resurgence Secondary pest outbreak Insecticide resistance

University College of Agriculture, B.Z.University, Multan

Resistance in H. armigera

Insecticide resistance in H. armigera has been reported throughout the world including Pakistan. Previously high level of resistance has been reported in Pakistan against the conventional insecticides in H. armigera (Ahmad et al. 1995, 1997, 1999 and 2001). Area under Bt. Cotton and use of new chemistry insecticides is increasing.

University College of Agriculture, B.Z.University, Multan

Objectives

Monitor the level of insecticide resistance in H. armigera by two bioassay technique. Compare the topical and leaf dip bioassay techniques Compare the susceptibility of H. armigera against conventional insecticides. Check the cross resistance among the conventional insecticides.

University College of Agriculture, B.Z.University, Multan

Experiment

Laboratory conditions Study areas

Multan Bahawalpur D. G. Khan R. Y. Khan endosulfan profenofos carbosulfan deltamethrin

Insecticides

University College of Agriculture, B.Z.University, Multan

Insect Rearing

Insects

Pupal chamber

H. armigera moths

Collection Rearing F1 generation 2nd instar

Nappy liners for egg laying

2nd instar larva

University College of Agriculture, B.Z.University, Multan

Artificial diet

Bioassay and Data Analysis

Bioassay
Topical Leaf dip

Establishment of reference strain Data analysis

University College of Agriculture, B.Z.University, Multan

Interpretation of Resistance Levels

Very low Low Moderate High Very High

5-10 fold 10-20 fold 20-50 fold 50-100 fold 100-above fold

University College of Agriculture, B.Z.University, Multan

Comparison of Susceptibility
35.00 30.00 25.00
17.66 14.21 23.30 Most Toxic Insecticides

Leaf dip Topical

6.13

LC 50

20.00 15.00 10.00 5.00 0.00 endosulfan

5.30

4.40

4.42

6.12

profenofos

carbosulfan deltamethrin

Comparison of Susceptibility of Lab-PK strain of Helicoverpa armigera against Different Insecticides

University College of Agriculture, B.Z.University, Multan

Resistance against endosulfan

1800 1600 1400 1200 Leaf dip Topical

LC 50

1000 800 600 400 200 0

Lab-PK D.G.Khan Bahawalpur R.Y.Khan Multan

Comparative studies on LC50 values of endosulfan by two bioassay methods against Helicoverpa armigera
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Resistance against profenofos

900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0
Lab-PK D.G.Khan Bahawalpur R.Y.Khan Multan

Leaf dip Topical

LC 50

Comparative studies on LC50 values of profenofos by two bioassay methods against Helicoverpa armigera
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Resistance against carbosulfan

900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0
Lab-PK D.G.Khan Bahawalpur R.Y.Khan Multan

Leaf dip Topical

LC50

Comparative studies on LC50 values of carbosulfan by two bioassay methods against Helicoverpa armigera
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Resistance against deltamethrin

1200 1000 800

Leaf dip Topical

LC50

600 400 200 0

Lab-PK D.G.Khan Bahawalpur R.Y.Khan Multan

Comparative studies on LC50 values of deltamethrin by two bioassay methods against Helicoverpa armigera
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Comparison of Resistance Ratios

Resistance Ratio Leaf dip Topical
23 02 36 16 13 02 09 32 12 09 105 19 108 07 33 13 12 05 endosulfan D.G. Khan Bahawalpur R.Y. Khan Multan D.G. Khan Bahawalpur R.Y. Khan Multan D.G. Khan Bahawalpur R.Y. Khan Multan D.G. Khan Bahawalpur R.Y. Khan Multan 27 05

profenofos

65 02

07 07

carbosulfan

27 33

64 06

deltamethrin

35 21

29 65

University College of Agriculture, B.Z.University, Multan

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Cross Resistance
endosulfan carbosulfan
Leaf dip Topical

profenofos
Leaf dip Topical Leaf dip Topical

profenofos 0.760.05 carbosulfan 0.740.05 deltamethrin

0.06ns 0.920.01 0.540.05 0.19ns 0.910.05 -0.16ns 0.960.01 0.510.05 -0.08ns 0.670.05

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Conclusion

Insecticide resistance has mostly prevailed at low to moderate levels. Avoid spray of carbosulfan at R.Y. Khan and deltamethrin at D.G. Khan to control H. armigera. Multiple resistance was observed in most of the strains. No significant difference was observed between the topical and leaf dip bioassay method Rotational use of new chemistry and conventional insecticides.

University College of Agriculture, B.Z.University, Multan

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Acknowledgement

Thanks to Pakistan Agricultural Research Council for providing funding and facilities to conduct this research.

University College of Agriculture, B.Z.University, Multan

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University College of Agriculture, B.Z.University, Multan

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