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Topic 10:
Cycloconverters
Spring 2004
Introduction
Cycloconverters directly convert ac signals of one frequency (usually line frequency) to ac signals of variable frequency. These variable frequency ac signals can then be used to directly control the speed of ac motors. Thyristor-based cycloconverters are typically used in low speed, high power (multi-MW) applications for driving induction and wound field synchronous motors.
Phase-Controlled Cycloconverters
The basic principle of cycloconversion is illustrated by the single phase-to-single phase converter shown below.
v0 ! 2V0 sin [ 0t
where V0 is the rms output voltage and [0 is the output angular frequency. We can also write:
The inclusion of an IGR leads to self-induced circulating current as illustrated in the next slide.
where i0 is the load current and [ is the supply frequency. The current wave has a dc component and a fundamental component with a lagging phase angle, EP.
If the firing angle is constant, the converter acts as a rectifier and Vd=Vd0cosEP and i0=Id. In a cycloconverter EP and i0 vary sinusoidally and so Pi and Qi are also modulated. We need to average these parameters to determine loading on the source.
T J T /2 1 ! (1.17Vs cos [0t )( I m sin([0t J ))d[0t (1.17Vs cos [0t )( Im sin([0t J ))d[0t TJ T /2
where J= load power factor angle. Performing the integration above yields:
2 P0 2Q0 1 2 Qi ! cos J J sin 2J T T 2
where P0, Q0 are the real and reactive output power per phase, respectively.
P0 ! V0 I 0 cos J and
Q0 ! V0 I 0 sin J
Since the real output power = real input power, we can write:
2 1 2 Pi jQi ! Pi j Pi cos J Q0 J sin 2J 2 T
Pi Pi jQi
1 j
Matrix Converters
These types of cycloconverters use highfrequency, self-controlled ac switches (e.g. IGBTs). A 3* to 3* converter is shown below:
High-Frequency Cycloconverters