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Nomenclature
A linear consecutive-k-out-of-n:F system is an ordered sequence of n components such that the system fails if and only if at least k consecutive components fail. A linear consecutive-k-out-of-n:G system is an ordered sequence of n components such that the system works if and only if at least k consecutive components work. A particular arrangement of components in a system is referred to as a design.
Assumptions
The system is either in a failing or a working state. Each component is either in a failing or a working state. The failures of the components are independent. Component reliabilities are distinct and within (0,1). The fourth assumption is made for the clarity of presentation, without loss of generality. Cases that include reliabilities 0 and 1 can be viewed as limits of other cases. Some of the proven strict inequalities will become nonstrict when these cases are included.
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Symbol [ represents any possible arrangement. The assumed order of component reliabilities is p1 < p2 << pn .
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Symbol [ represents any possible arrangement. The assumed order of component reliabilities is p1 < p2 << pn .
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Heuristic method
The heuristic method is based on the concept of Birnbaum reliability importance defined by the following formula, where R stands for reliability of a system, ps for the reliability of a component s where 1 e s e n, 1 and 0 represent working and failing states of a component i.
Randomization method
Compares a limited number of randomly chosen design and obtains the best amongst them. It is based on general necessary conditions for the optimal design.
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Necessary conditions for the variant optimal design of linear consecutive-k-out-of-n systems
The (k+1)-th component
Malgorzata OReilly University of Adelaide
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Definition of singularity
We define a design X = (q1,q2,...,qn) to be singular if either qi > qn+1-i for all 1 e i e [n/2] (integer part of n/2) or qi < qn+1-i for all 1 e i e [n/2]. Otherwise it is nonsingular. Components qi and qn+1-i are referred to as symmetrical. Illustration: 7-out-of-15 system
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Remark
The existing general necessary conditions for the variant optimal design of linear consecutive systems provide comparisons between reliabilities of components restricted to positions from 1 to k and positions from n to (n-k+1).
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RESULTS
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Definitions
Definition 1. We define Xi;j to be a design obtained from X by interchanging components i and j.
Definition 2. We define Xi(1),..,i(r);j(1),,j(r) to be a design obtained from X by interchanging components i(s) and j(s) for all 1 e s e r.
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Procedure 2
Let X be a design for a linear consecutive-k-out-of-(2k+1):F, k u 2 In order to improve deign, rearrange components to satisfy general necessary conditions for the optimal design, and If qk+1 < qk 1. Interchange components qk+1 and qk when q1qk-1 u qk+2q2k; otherwise Take q2k+1 component, put it on the left hand side of the system, next to the q1 component (position 0), Illustration: 7-out-of-15 system
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In such obtained design, rearrange components on positions from 1 to k, and then components on positions from (2k+1) to (k+2) so that general necessary conditions are satisfied.
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If required, repeat steps 1-3 to further improve this design or until the condition qk+1 > qk is satisfied.
If qk+1 < qk , reverse the order of components and apply steps 1-3 to such rearranged design.
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Procedure 3
Let X be a design for a linear consecutive-k-out-of-(2k+2):F system, k u 2. In order to improve deign: If q1 > q2k+2 and qk+1 < qk+2, interchange components qk+1 and qk+2 when qk+3q2k+1 u q2qk, or q1 and q2k+2 when qk+3q2k+1 e q2qk. If q1 < q2k+2 and qk+1 > qk+2, interchange components qk+1 and qk+2 when qk+3q2k+1 e q2qk, or q1 and q2k+2 when qk+3q2k+1 u q2qk. Illustration: 7-out-of-16 system
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Randomization method
1. 2. 3. Generate a random design of a linear consecutive-kout-of-n system, n > 2k, k u 2. Apply Procedures 1-3 to improve the design, if necessary. Rearrange components on positions from 1 to k and then on positions from n to (n-k+1) in non-decreasing order of component reliability. Compare this design with the previous design and keep the better one. Repeat steps 1-4 as require (enough designs have been generated, or the improvements in step 4 becomes insignificant despite many repetitions).
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4. 5.
= R(p1,...,pi-1,1,pi+1,...,pn) - R(p1,...,pi-1,0,pi+1,...,pn).
The intuition applied in many algorithms is that a component with a higher reliability should be placed in a position with a higher Birnbaum importance. Previous result. If we assume that all components of the system have the same reliability, then I(1) e I(k+1) for F and G systems with n u 2k+1. Theorem 1 and necessary condition stated in Corollary 1 give a stronger result, which also allows the component reliabilities 36 to be distinct.
METHOD
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