PRESENTATION BY, DHANANIVETHA.M FATHIMA.S GAYATHRI.I GOKUL..

With Science that Ruling the Earth

Definition and scope of nanotechnology

Science for exploring the materials and phenomena in the nanometer scale ( atomic, molecular) Technology for manipulating and controlling the structure and components in the nanometer scale m thus inverting new materials, devices and systems

FOCUS ON NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY
This issue looks at some of the emerging life science applications of nanotechnology and nanoscience, a field that has been loosely termed nanobiotechnology. Nanobiotechnology integrates the design of new materials and devices with the exquisite specificity of biological molecules, enzymes and cells.

Where is nanobiotechnology going?

Cell structure and physiology Virus detection Chemotherapy/radiation drug delivery Neurological functions of the brain Biomedical engineering research Study of molecular behavior Utilization of imaging devices

Nanobiotechnology
Nanobiotechnology is the application of nanotechnology to the life science. This research field includes two approaches. Application of nanoscaled tools to biological systems The use of biological systems in the development of novel nano-scaled products. Nanobiotechnology is the intersection of inorganic and organic engineering to solve critical problems in biology

Nanobiotechnology

food security systems

cellular biology

environment protections

disease treatment

Agricultural systems

Drug delivery methods

Why nanobiotechnology?
Mother nature did it first. Nature has built nanomachines for millennia. Nature applies nanotechnology daily to grow the multifunctional cells and tissues of plants and animals from a single biological cell A cell is a warehouse of nanoscale machines Biology can teach the physical world of electronics, computing, material science and manufacturing There exist biomolecular analogues of convention functional devices

Molecular Machines
Hemoglobin Ribosomes Apt synthesis Actin filament network Centrosome Nucleosomes Polymerases Ligases Proteases Protein sorting mechenisms Membranes Ion Channels Neuron Synapses

Nanotechnology Impacts on Biology

Nanotechnology also offers researchers the chance to detect rare events or molecules that are present only at low concentrations. As nanotechnology brings more tools to the biologists bench, the divisions between the fields of science will begin to break down The combination of micro fluids and nanotechnology will transform how biologists do everything

What is BioMEMS/NEMS?
A paradigm shift in the Making MEMS become bioMEMS Implementation of MEMS/NEMS to Bio-related areas Needs Lower chip cost Reduction of expensive reagent and test compound used Integration of multiple function onto a single chip Point-of-care (POC) diagnostics ( Easy sample preparation) High throughput ( Micro fluids HTS disposables)

MEMS: Micro Electro Mechanical Systems NEMS: Nano Electro Mechanical Systems

Biotechnological And Biomedical Microsystems

Tools for chemistry. Molecular biology and biochemistry Sample preparation, molecular separation Small-scale organic synthesis Amplification of nucleic acids/ Sequences Tools for Cell Biology Cell mechanics and dynamics, cell culture devices Dielectrophoresis, Flow cytometry, Cell sorting

 Tools for medicine , Biomedical Devices Minimally invasive surgery Neural prosthesis Implantable devices, DDS Miniaturized analytical systems Genomics and proteomics Clinical analysis, Environmental testing , and Warfare defense High throughput screening

Applications
Nanomedicine Molecular Self assembly Nanobiosensor (biochip) Nanofluids (LOC,Biofluidic devices) Intelligent Drug Delivery Systems (DDS) Nanomachine

A grand Plan for Medicine:

The nanotechnology initiative includes among its goals, or grand challenges, a host of futuristic improvements in the detection , diagnosis and treatment of disease , some are depicted here. The goals, many of which are far from being realized, also feature new aids for vision and hearing, rapid tests for detecting disease susceptibility and responses to drugs, and tiny devices able to find problems- such as incipient tumors, infections or heart problems- to relay the information to an external receiver or fix them on the spot.

Biomolecular Recognition of semiconductor Quantum dots and magnetic materials

Peptide combinatorial approach Select peptides with high affinity for specific semiconductor structures and crystal orientations using molecular recognition Rationally designed peptides and polymers to assemble nanoparticles in 2D and 3D structures Luminescent nanocrystals have led to the research in fluorescent labeling by quantum dots (QDs) with bio-recognition molecules.

Nanogate implant Intelligent Micro Engineered Drug Delivery

Dishing it up: A communication dish would send and receive instructions and data from a controller outside the body

What are nanomachines?

Getting the needle: A hypodermic syringe. Less than .02 in diameter, would inject into the blood vessel

Plague attack: The diseased section of the blood vessel is converted with a type of plaque containing Cholesterol Waste away: The nanobot would either remain inside the blood system, constantly performing its task, or it would be programmed to biodegraded safely, carrying the waste plaque out of the human body Micro cleaner: A vacuum haze would sucks up the waste plaque for safe storage inside the nanobot Saw n Scrape: An incredibly small rotary saw would scrape the plaque free from the blood vessel wall.

Nanobiotechnology for agriculture and food systems

Applications is in nascent stage Next decade- increasing use of tools and techniques developed- to detect carcinogenic pathogens and biosensors for improved and contamination free food and agricultural products. Agriculture-backbone of third world economies Fundamental life processes are explored through research in molecular and cellular biology Tools-separation, identification and quantification of individual molecule

 According to Mark Modzelewski, executive director of the NanoBusiness Alliance: The most likely area in which nanotechnology will initially enter the agricultural industry is the world of analysis and detection, such as bio-sensors to detect the quality of and the health of agricultural products and livestock, [adding] advanced nano-sensors that can detect surface and airborne pathogens are already leaving the lab

Nanotechnology-rapid advances reproductive science and technology conversion of agricultural and food wastes to energy and other useful by-products through enzymatic nanobioprocessing disease prevention and treatment in plants Explore living cells and biomolecules at the molecular scale