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The aim of the breeding program is to genetically improve one or more traits of economic importance.
The choice of the appropriate breeding program depends on the degree of inheritance, the selection pressure and the generation interval.
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1998/99 99/2000
2000/01
01/02
02/03
03/04
04/05
05/06
06/07
07/08
Sheep Population
855159 851913
850170
840141
828286
824187
816727
812085
813621
809480
Mutton (mt.)
2873
2860
2865
2823
2792
2779
2774
2737
2747
2725
615
614
609
601
598
590
587
588
585
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Hill
64974 41589 122020 123355
Terai
7163 4917 23100 44466
Total
108456 95412 156088 339012
76130 343514
4266 356204
23629 103275
104025 802993
poor performance of local sheep breeds a serious seasonal deficit of pasture and other feed the lack of an organized market for wool and meat poor access to agricultural credit primitive shearing equipment an inadequate supply of drinking water for sheep.
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A breeding plan is an annual record of the practical tasks you need to complete to achieve your breeding objective.
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Breeding objective Breeds to meet that objective A rigid selection system A desired mating system A good animal evaluation system A dissemination procedure
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To increase the fineness of the wool to make it suitable for the carpet type.
To increase the lambing percentage. To produce the hybrid sheep species those are suitable condition. for the Nepalese environmental
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Performance recording Genetic evaluation procedures Organization of a system for the diffusion of genetic material
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Principal sheep breed of Nepal Have good grazing instinct and suitable for migratory system.
Its adult body weight is about 35 kg. Body color is mostly white but the head color differs from white to black.
Average wool yield of 900 to 1200 g annually Fiber Diameter of 46.3 . Staple length : 3.5 4.5 inches
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A medium sized fine wool hardy breed. Body wt. Ewe: 50 60 kg Ram: 66 80 kg All year breeding Ability to retain body weights under extreme
conditions.
Good mothering ability with high lamb survival rate. Ultra-thin wool of 23 25 micron diameter. With excellent length, crimp and yield.
Dense white fleece. 5- 7 inches Grease fleece wt. 5.5 kg , clean fleece 4.1 kg
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Dorpers are a low maintenance, easy care breed adaptive easily to a variety of conditions, non-selective grazers and one of the breeds that thrive in harsh conditions.
Mutton breed , good milking but not wool breed. Ewe =170-200 lbs Ram = 220-250 lbs. High fertility and reproduction rates. Lambing percentage 150% or above.
Coat is a mixture of hair & wool and will shed from animal in late spring/early summer.
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The importance of sheep farming was well recognised by the Rana government and a Sheep Development Farm was established in Chitlang, Makawanpur in 2001 BS. After the establishment of the sheep farm various attempts have been made to improve the local production and productivity improving by the upgrading feeding, the health breeds care and and
management practices.
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Both Polwarth and Dorper breeds are having an excellent foundation in crossbreeding.
Polwarth has been used in breeding activities since 30 years in Nepal. An increase in both fleece wt. and wool grade has been obtained from the cross breeds of 25% and 50% exotic blood level.
Breeding with Baruwal and Kage breeds has been done in various breeding farms in Nepal.
etc.
Dorper is relatively new breed in Nepal. It has been used to increase the weight traits in crossbreeding programs in various countries. A good maternal instinct and high lambing percentage is desired trait which is incorporated in the Polwarth cross by mating with these breeds.
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Face covering score Skin fold score Fleece Characters Grease fleece wt. Sta le length Fineness of fiber (diameter) Hairiness Reproductive traits Fecundity Earliness of lambing Number of functional ni les Lambing size Lambing ercentage 6/24/2011
High High
40 0 40 0
30 40 40 0 30 50 50 0
10 30 30 40 30 40 10 15 10 15
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Individual Selection Progeny Tests Pedigree and collateral relatives Probable Breeding Values (PBV)
PBV ! P b1 (P1 - P ) b1 ! regression coefficient of genotype on its phenotype P ! phenotype of individuals selected P ! phenotypic average for individual contemporaries
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Selection Index
Selection Index (I) = Heritability of the trait X Relative
Economic Importance (REI) X Trait Score
I ! h 2 (wool wt.) x REI (wool wt.) x trait score(wool wt.) h 2 (fiber dia.) x REI(fiber dia.) x trait score(fiber dia.) h (lambing%) x REI (lambing%) x Trait score (lambing%)
2
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Wool yield Fiber diameter Number of offspring Disease Resistance Environmental accommodation
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L100
P100
L100
D100
Where, L50P50 P100 L= Local (Baruwal) P= Polwarth D= Dorper L50 D50 L25 P75
Several crossbred lines are produced. The individuals from these lines are produced to produce the final offspring.
Its advantage is that it avoids the inbreeding and prevents the vigor decrease that may be due to inbreeding.
Vigor decrease:
Decrease wool production and staple length Decrease weaning body weight and yearling body wt.
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1000 pure baruwal sheep will be selected for the breeding program, selection of superior among them.
Polwarth and Dorper male breeds will be imported. A natural mating system will be carried out. The offspring's of each generation will be evaluated individually as well as the progeny testing will be done for the traits of consideration.
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Expansion program based on the 3 tier system. A closed system is adopted because of the adequate elite herd population.
A long selection and mating within these crossbreed are done to increase the superiority of the offspring.
Breeding with the same exotic blood level is desired for expansion. Mating to other bloodlines is undesirable and the offspring thus produced are culled.
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The multiplier herd is also encouraged to maintain the same blood level. The superior from the multiplier herd is again reused in the multiplier herd.
The commercial herd is also targeted to maintain the same blood level.
This is done to utilize the complementary breed effect and heterosis. The whole expansion program is then targeted for the promotion of the same gene combination. Any change within these combinations lead to decrease in heterosis and decrease production.
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Nucleus
Multipliers
Commercial Farms
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Shrestha, B S; Shrestha, S; Neopane, S P and Shrestha, N P (2000). Sheep genetic resources of Nepal. In: Proceedings of the Fourth Global Conference on the Conservation of Domestic Animal Genetic Resources. (Editor: JNB Shrestha). Nepal Agricultural Research Council (NARC) and Rare Breeds International (RBI), 17-21 August, 1998, Pp 81-84, Kathmandu, P O Box 5459, Nepal Neopane, S P (2004). Native Animal Genetic Resources of Nepal: Status of their Conservation and Utilization. Proceedings of IV National Conference on Sciences and Technologies. National Academy of Science and Technology (NAST), 23-26 March 2004, Pp 74-78 Neopane, S P (2006). Characterization of indigenous animal genetic resources of Nepal. Proceedings of the 6th National Workshop on Livestock and Fisheries Research, 1-2 July 2004, NARC, Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal, Pp 1-11 Statistical Information on Nepalese Agriculture (2009). 2008/09. Statistical Information on Nepalese Agriculture, 2008/09. Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, Singh Durbar, Nepal Lasley, J. F. 1977. Genetics of Livestock Improvement, 3rd edition. 6/24/2011 37 Prentice-Hall Inc. N.J., USA
CBS. 2009. Central Bureau of Statistics. Nepal Government, National Planning Commission Secretariat, Kathmandu, Nepal MOAC. 2004. Country Report on Animal Genetic Resources of Nepal. Government of Nepal, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, Singha Durbar, Kathmandu, Nepal. Pradhan, S.L. 1988. Sheep Production and Development in Nepal. In: Proceedings of the Workshop on Sheep Production in Asia. (Eds: Devendra, C. & Falyon, P.S.) Philippine Council for Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Resources Research and Development. Laguna Philippines April 18-23,1988. Pp. 153 165 www.sheepgoat.gov.np/downloadfile/pub_sheepintro_13001002 45.pdf McCall , J. & McCall L. 2011. Developing a Breeding Plan. Accessed on 5th june 2011 In: www.the-oldplace.com/developingabreedingplan.htm Mavrogenis, A. P. 2011. Breeding Systems and Selection Strategies for Sheep Improvement in Cyprus. Accessed on 7th june 2011 In: ressources.ciheam.org/om/pdf/c11/96605537.pdf Anonymous: www. google.com
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