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Learning Goals
Discuss the role of needs in behavior in organizations Describe the major need hierarchy theories of motivation Appreciate that the importance of particular needs varies from person to person
Chapter Overview
Introduction Overview of Where We are Headed Murray's Theory of Human Personality: The Concept of Needs Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory E.R.G. Theory
Introduction
Assumptions of motivation Theories
Behavior has a starting point, a direction, and a stopping point Focus is on voluntary behavior under the control of the person Behavior is not random. It has purpose and direction
Introduction (Cont.)
Motivation defined
Motivation is a psychological process that causes the arousal, direction, and persistence of voluntary actions that are goal directed.
Introduction (Cont.)
Motivation is the psychological process that leads to that results in
Choice of behavior
Introduction (Cont.)
Why know about motivation?
Help you understand your behavior and the behavior of others Can help a manager build and manage a system of motivation. Offers conceptual tools for analyzing motivation problems in organizations
Psychological needs
Focus on emotional and mental satisfaction Example: the need for social interaction or to achieve difficult goals
Selfactualization
Physiological
E.R.G. Theory
A variation of Maslow's hierarchy of needs Three groups of needs Existence needs: physical and material wants Relatedness needs: desires for interpersonal relationships Growth needs: desires to be creative and productive; to use ones skills
Growth needs
Esteem Belongingness and love
Relatedness needs
Safety Physiological
Existence needs
Emphasized the Need for Achievement, although they investigated all three needs
Did not feel such power behavior resulted in the type of leadership required by organizations
Two distinct continua: one for satisfaction and one for dissatisfaction Not a single continuum with dissatisfaction on one end and satisfaction on the other Herzberg eventually called the satisfiers motivators; the dissatisfiers hygiene factors
Motivators
Hygiene factors
Company policies and their administration Quality of supervision Working conditions
Empirical research
Mixed results Methodological issues See the text book for details
Rights and justice analysis: Employees' rights to know their managers intent