Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Presented by Katherine Sawyer

For BIOL 306 Genome Project October 14, 2009

Mycobacterium tuberculosis Presented by Katherine Sawyer

1.

2.

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How many nucleotides, genes, and chromosomes are in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis genome? Why is it important to study the M. tuberculosis genome? What are 2 recent research findings related to the M. tuberculosis genome?

Mycobacterium tuberculosis facts:

Type of organism: bacillus (rodshaped) bacteria (eubacteria) Lineage [NCBI Taxonomy]:  Cellular organisms;  Bacteria; Actinobacteria;  Actinobacteria(class);  Actinobacteridae;  Actinomycetales;  Corynebacterineae;  Mycobacteriaceae;  Mycobacterium;  Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex;  Mycobacterium tuberculosis

M. Tuberculosis infection (M. tuberculosis are pink rods) Image from http://library.med.utah.edu/WebPath/INFEHTML/INFEC033.html

Image from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ( public domain.)

More M. tuberculosis facts

 

  

According to CDC, 1/3 of the worlds population are infected with TB. Each year, nearly 9 million people around the world become sick with TB and almost 2 million die from illness caused by M. tuberculosis TB is the primary cause of death of people who are HIV infected. Some strains are multi-drug resistant Most common strains lead to respiratory and lung disease, some strains can also affect brain (meningitis), liver, and other organs

W.H.O. Map of New TB cases, 2006

image from http://gamapserver.who.int/mapLibrary/Files/Maps/Global_EstimatedTB_ITHRiskMap.png

M. tuberculosis infection

 

Left image From http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/imagepages/1607.htm Right image from http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/imagepages/1034.htm

M. tuberculosis genome


Over 70 identified strains

First sequenced was H36Rv: 4,411, 529 bp T46: 4,347,699 bp Average bp = approximately 4.4 Mbp

  

4183 Genes 1 chromosome Large genome for a bacteria, slightly smaller than E. coli

Genome size comparison with other bacteria

5 4 3 2 1 0 Genome Size ( )
Streptococcus pneumoniae M ycobacterium tuberculosis Escherichia coli

Genome size comparison with other organisms

10000 3000 Sr 1000 180 100 E Dr 10 2 1 Geno e si e bp 4 5 H l r l ri i il g i i ri i li

M. tuberculosis genome research



First complete sequence project in 1998 by Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute. (whole genome shotgun sequencing method). (Fleishman, et al, 2002) Genetic variation between strains was more than expected, including long sequence polymorphism. (Caws, et al, 2008) Both the host and the bacterial genome affect the disease process. There are specific strains adapted to specific human populations

Why did I choose this M. tuberculosis?



Understanding of M. tuberculosis makes better drug development possible. Successful drug therapy for this disease could benefit millions of people. Bioinformatics play a key role in comparing the huge variety of strains of this bacteria in addition to the sequencing process itself.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis Presented by Katherine Sawyer

1.

2.

3.

How many nucleotides, genes, and chromosomes are in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis genome? Why is it important to study the M. tuberculosis genome? What are 2 recent research findings related to the M. tuberculosis genome?

References: complete genomes



Cole . T., Bro ch R., Parkhill J., Garnier T., Churcher C., Harri D., Gordon . V., Eiglmeier K., Ga ., Barry III C.E., et al., 1998 Deciphering the biology of Mycobacteri Mycobacterium tuberculosis from the complete genome equence. Nature 393: 190-198, 537-544. 190537-544.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NC_002755?ordinalpo =1&itool=Entre tem2.PEntre . equence. equence_Re ult Panel. equence_RVDoc um http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NC_009565?ordinalpo =1&itool=Entre tem2.PEntre . equence. equence_Re ult Panel. equence_RVDoc um http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NC_009525?ordinalpo =1&itool=Entre tem2.PEntre . equence. equence_Re ult Panel. equence_RVDoc um http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NC_012943?ordinalpo =1&itool=Entre tem2.PEntre . equence. equence_Re ult Panel. equence_RVDoc um y

Other references


Smith, I. Mycobacterium tuberculosis Pathogene i and Molecular Determinant of Virulence 2003 July Clinical Microbiology Review 16 3 : 463-496. 463Caw M., Thwaite G., Dunstan S., Hawn T.R., Lan N.T.N. , Thuong N.T.T., Stepniewska K., Huyen M.G.T., Caws Thwaites Bang N.D., Loc T.H., et al.. 2008 The Influence of Host and Bacterial Genotype on the Development of Disseminated Disease with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Public Library of Science PLoS) Pathogens 4 3) e100004. Fleischmann, RD, Allnad D, Eisen, JA, Carpenter L, White, O, Peterson, R., Deboy, R, Dodson, R, Gwinn, M, Haft, D., Hickey, E, Kolonay, JF, Nelson, WC, Umayam, A, Ermolaeva, M, Sal berg, SL, Delcher, A, Utterback, T. , Weidman, J. Khouri, H. Gill, J, Mikula, A., Bishai, W. Jacobs, WR, Venter, JC, and Fraser, CM, 2002) Whole Genome Comparison of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Clinical and Laboratory Strains. Journal of Bacteriology 184 19) : 5479-5490. 5479http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entre ?Db=genomeprj&cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=224 http://library.med.utah.edu/WebPath/TUTORIAL/MTB/MTB.html http://www.cdc.gov/tb/ http://gamapserver.who.int/mapLibrary/Files/Maps/Global_EstimatedTB_ITHRiskMap.png