Multimedia Communications and Service on the Internet ETE 436

Course Conducted by Shuvodip Das, Lecturer, PU.

Multimedia Network: Broadband Multiservice Network

flexibility of using different bit rates for different multimedia applications. Varying rate of transfer of cells is known as Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) . B-ISDN consisting of ATM-MAN and ATM-LAN. ATM-MAN is being used as a high-speed backbone network to interconnect a number of LANs.

support a wide range of multimedia communication applications. Bit rate- more than 2 Mbps Called Broadband ISDN (B-ISDN) . Uses Cell Switching Network . Cell Switching Network provides

Multimedia Applications Interpersonal Communications Interactive Applications over the Internet Entertainment Applications. Interpersonal Communication: Interpersonal Communications involve speech, image, text or video.
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Speech only Interpersonal Communication

Example: Telephony service in which telephones are connected to PSTN/ISDN/Cellular phone network or a PBX. Telephone call through PC: CTI and software. Advantages: voice mail and teleconferencing voice-mail beside telephony. Telephony over the Internet is also known as packet voice or VoIP. PC connected Internet can communicate with to the PSTN/ISDN can communicate through telephone gateway.

What is Teleconferencing Call?

Teleconferencing calls involve multiple interconnected telephones/PCs. Each person can hear and talk to all of the others involved in the call. This type of call is known variously as a conference call or since it involves a telephone network, a teleconferencing call is sometimes called Audio Conferencing call. It requires a central unit known as an audio bridge which provides the necessary support to set up a conference call automatically.
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What are the procedures of Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP)?

VoIP involves PC to PC telephone call and PC to telephone connected in PSTN/ISDN. PC to telephone connected in PSTN/ISDN: Procedures: PC 1st sends a request to make a call to pre-allocated telephony gateway. Then gateway verifies the authentication of user to use the service. Gateway requests the source PC the telephone number of the called party. On receipt of this, the source gateway initiates a session (call) with the telephony gateway nearest to the called party using the Internet address of the gateway. The called gateway then initiates a call to the recipient telephone using its telephone number and the standard call setup procedure of the PSTN/ISDN. When the called party answers then called gateway signals back to the PC userthrough the source gateway-then the call can commence. A similar procedure is followed to clear the call on completion.
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Telephony over the Internet

Text Only Interpersonal Communication

Example: Electronic mail (email). Network: Internet User: Home and Business user. Access: Home user: through ISP and PSTN/ISDN. Business user: through LAN and enterprise network . Associated with each network there is a set of one or more server computers called Email Server . These servers collectively contain a mailbox for each user connected to that network.
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Text Only Interpersonal Communication

Fig: Email message format

Speech and Video Interpersonal Communication

Example: Video Telephony Home use: Dedicated video phone service. Office Use: video phone service with a range of other services. Requirement s: two-way communication channel between the two parties and sufficient bandwidth to support the integrated speech and video. video conferencing requires a central unit called a Multipoint Control Unit (MCU) or sometimes called Video Conferencing Server. Problem: For Desktop conferencing, multiple integrated speech and video communication channels, one for each participant, would require and BW requirement is higher. Solution: MCU. Integrated speech and video information stream from each participant is sent to the MCU which then selects just a single information steam to send to each participant. For example, with a voice activated MCU, whenever the MCU detects a participant speaking, it relays the information stream from that participant to all the other participants. In this way, only a single two way communication channel between each location and MCU is required thereby reducing bandwidth needed.
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Speech and Video Interpersonal Communication

Fig: Speech and video interpersonal communications: a) 2 party video telephone call b) video conferencing using an MCU c) Videoconferencing using a broadcast network.

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Interactive Applications over the Internet

Internet is also used to support a range of interactive applications. Example: World Wide Web (WWW) Hyperlinks: Each document comprises a linked set of pages and the linkages between the pages. These are pointers or references that refer to either other pages of the same document or to any other document within the total web. Uniform Resource Locator (URL): Unique address. Identifies both the location of the server on the Internet where the first page of the document is stored and also the file reference on the server. Homepage: The first page of a document. Hypertext Markup Language (MTML): A standard for writing documents in

WWW. Browser: Client function. Used to explore the content of the web.

Fig: Interactions with a Wide Web Server (Schematic)

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Hypertext text linkages between the pages of a set of documents.

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Media Types

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Communication Mode

15 Communication modes a) unicast b) broadcast and c) multicast.

Network QoS
The operational parameters associated with a communication channel through a network are known as the Network Quality of Service (QoS) parameter and collectively they determine the suitability of the channel in relation to its use for a particular application. QoS parameters of Circuit Switched Network: QoS parameters associated with a constant bit rate channel that is setup through a circuit switched network includes: The bit rate The mean bit error rate and The transmission error rate.
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If Probability of BER = P Number of bits in a block = N Then assuming random error, Probability of a block containing a bit error, PB is given by: PB = 1 (1 P)N

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QoS Parameter of Packet Switched Network

QoS parameter associated with a packetswitched network includes: The maximum packet size The mean packet transfer rate The mean packet error rate The mean packet transfer delay The worse-case jitter and The transmission delay.
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Application QoS
The network QoS parameters define what the particular network being used provides rather than what the applications requires. The application has its QoS parameters associated with it. In an application involving images, QoS parameters may include a minimum image resolution and size. On the other hand, applications involving videos, QoS parameter may include digitizing format and refresh rate may be defined. The application QoS parameters that relate to the network include: The required bit rate or mean packet transfer rate The maximum startup delay The maximum end-to-end delay The maximum delay variation/jitter. The maximum round-trip delay.
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Media Types used in applications

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Network Types

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