International Conference on Islamic Microfinance By :

CENTER OF ISLAMIC BANKING & ECNOMICS

Held At:

What is Islamic Finance Abdul Samad Shariah Advisor The Bank of Khyber

Islam and Shariah

Islam

Aqidah (Faith & Belief)

Shariah (Practices & Activities)

Akhlaq (Morality & Ethics)

IBADAT (Man to God Worship)

Muamalat (Man to Man Activities)

Political Activities

Economic Activities

Social Activities

Banking & Financial Activities

Human Financial Needs

Fulfillment of Financial Needs

Own Capital

Others Capital

Equity Financing

Debt Financing

Why Islamic Finance?

body which is promoted by Hiram sources is bound to hellfire.  On the Day of Judgment, a person will not be moved from the place where he stand until he is asked about the sources of his income and they way he spent it.  Purifying of the needs of life (food, drink, clothes house etc) is one of the most important reason for the acceptance of prayers by Allah.
 The

Why Islamic Finance?

The main objective of an Islamic Financial System is to clean the income of Muslims from Muhurramat.

Most Important Islamic Teaching Related To Business

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

Elimination of Interest (Raba) The prohibition of uncertainty (Gharar) The prohibition of Gambling (Qimar) The precipitation of games of chance (Maser) Honesty and Fair Trade (Ghishsh and Khilabah) Spending in the Good Cause Buy Back Two Mutually Conditional Contract Entitlement to profit depends on liability for risk

Interest


Interest, Usury, or Riba is forbidden in almost all major religions of the world e.g.
  

Judaism Christianity Islam

Riba in Quran


God has permitted trade and forbidden interest.

(The Cow Sura Al-Baqara 2:275)

O believers, fear Allah, and give up what is still due

to your from the interest (usury), IF [indeed] you are true believers[!!!]. If you do not do so, then take

Notice of War from Allah and his Messenger.



But, if you repent, you can have your principal. Neither should you commit injustice, nor should you be subjected to it.
(The Cow Sura Al-Baqara 2:278-9)

Riba in Quran (Related in context to 2:278)

The only reward of those Who make War upon Allah & his Messenger, and strive after corruption in the land, will be that they will be
1. 2. 3. 4.  

Killed Or, Crucified, Or, have their Hands and Feet on alternate sides Cutoff, Or, will be Expelled out of the land. Such will be their degradation in the world, and in the hereafter, theirs will be an terrible doom.

(Quran: The Table Spread - Al-Maida Chapter 5: Verse 33)

Riba in Hadith
The Prophet cursed
 the  the  the  the  and

receiver and payer of interest, one who records it and witnesses to the transaction said: They are all alike (in guilt).

(Sources: Jabir Ibn Abdullah, Muslim, Tirmidhi, Musnad Ahmed

Riba in Hadith
The Prophet said: Riba has seventy segments, the least serious being equivalent to a man committing adultery with his own mother.
(Sources: Majah) Aby Hurayrah, Ibn

The prohibition of uncertainty (Gharar)

 There

are strict rules in Islamic finance against transactions that are highly uncertain or may cause any injustice or dishonesty against any of the parties.  The concept of Gharar has been broadly defined by the scholars in two ways.  First, Gharar implies uncertainty.  Second, it implies dishonesty.

Classical Examples of Gharar

Selling goods that the seller is unable to deliver  Selling known or unknown goods against an unknown price, such as selling the contents of a sealed box  Selling goods without proper description, such as shop owner selling clothes with unspecified sizes  Selling goods without specifying the price, such as selling at the 'going price'  Selling goods on the basis of false description  Selling goods without allowing the buyer the properly examine the goods  The Prophet (pbuh) prohibited the pebble sale and the Gharar sale.


Qimar
Qimar includes every form of gain or money, the achievement of which depends purely on luck and chance.  O ye who believe! Intoxicants and gambling, sacrificing to stones, and (divination by) arrows, are an abomination, of Satans handiwork..: (5:90-91)  He who played Qimar has disobeyed Allah and His Messenger. (Ibn Majah )


Honesty and Fair Trade (Ghishsh and Khilabah)

Thus Manipulations and Mismanagement like Hoardings  Black marketing  Cheating  Short weighting
 

Hiding the defective quality of the goods

are prohibited in Islamic Financial System.

are with the prophets in the Day of Judgment.

 The prophet (PBUH) said: the truthful honest merchants

Spending in the Good Cause

The Islamic economic approach is one, which is directed towards the achievement and actualization of justice in human relations.  The result of this effort is falah or success and salvation, and hayah tayyibah or good life in this world and the hereafter.  So IMFI dont permute to establish any relation with commodities, services and individuals whose moral practices are doubtful  Some people spend Allahs wealth (i.e. Muslims Wealth) in an unjust manner, such people will be put in the (Hell) fire on the day of resurrection (Bukhari and Ahmad)


Buy Back
 The

financier sells an asset to the customer on a deferred-payment basis, and then the asset is immediately repurchased by the financier for cash at a discount.

Two Mutually Conditional Contract

 Two

mutually contingent contract have been prohibited by the holy prohibited by the holy Prophet (pbuh).  The sale of two item in such a way that one who intends to purchase good is obliged to purchase the other also at any given price.  One sale transaction with tow prices.  Combining sale and lending in one contract.

What is Microfinance?
 Microfinance

is usually defined as the provision of financial services and products to those whose low economic standing excludes them from conventional financial institutions.

MFI ENGAGE IN THE FOLLOWINNNG ACTIVITIES

offer of financial services  such as loans, savings, insurance, and training to people living in poverty.  And to those typically unable to gain such services in the normal finance markets
 Micro-finance

What Islamic MF
provide all these services under the umbrella of Shariah.  Shariah compliant MFI, to enable Muslims to do their transaction a Halal way.  Achieving the goals and objectives of an Islamic economy.
 To

Message of Islam regarding poverty

 Islamic

jurists have unanimously held the view that it is the collective obligation (fard kifayah) of a Muslim society to take care of the basic needs of the poor.

Economic Empowerment
 Islam

strongly encourages charity from the givers point of view, it seeks to minimize dependence on charity from the beneficiarys point of view.

Economic Empowerment
A

man of the Ansar community came to the Prophet (peace be upon him) and begged from him.  He (the Prophet) asked: Have you nothing in your house? He (the man) replied: Yes, a piece of cloth, which we wear, or which we spread (on the ground), and a wooden bowl from which we drink water.

Economic Empowerment


He (the Prophet) said: Bring them to me. He (the man) then brought these articles to him and he (the Prophet) took them in his hands and asked to the assembly of people: Who will buy these? A man said: I shall buy them for one dirham. He (the Prophet) asked twice or thrice: Who will offer more than one dirham? Another man said: I shall buy them for two dirhams.  He (the Prophet) gave these to him and took the two dirhams and, giving them to the man of the Ansar, he said: Buy food with one of them and hand it to your family, and buy an axe and bring it to me.

Economic Empowerment


He then brought it to him. The Prophet (peace be upon him) fixed a handle on it with his own hands (#5) and said: Go, gather firewood and sell it, and do not let me see you for a fortnight.  The man went away and gathered firewood and sold it. When he had earned ten dirhams, he came to him and bought a garment with some of them and food with the others.  The Prophet (peace be upon him) then said: This is better for you than that begging should come as a spot on your face on the Day of Judgment.

Source of Fund Collection of IMFI

The Shariah option for deposit mobilization can be worked out by respecting two principles:
 

The aim of the exchange at hand must be recognizes in Shariah. The modalities to achieve the said must be Shariah Compliant.

Source of Fund Collection of IMFI

 Zakat

1.

2.

Zakah is the third among five pillars of Islam and payment of zakah is an obligation on the wealth of every Muslim based on clear-cut criteria. These funds are meant mostly for the extremely poor and function as a safety net for meeting their immediate and basic needs

Source of Fund Collection of IMFI

Suddqa 1. Charity occupies a central position in the Islamic scheme of poverty alleviation. 2. Suddqa kind of Charity which is not obligatory. Waqf (trust) The term waqf literally means detention. The legal meaning of Waqf according to Imam Abu Hanifa is the detention of specific thing in the ownership of waqif and the devoting of its profit or products "in charity of poors or other good objects".


Source of Fund Collection of IMFI

 Islamic

banks generally use Musharakah and Mudarabah based product for obtaining investment account.  These deposits are based on the Shariah principles of profit and loss sharing, and the banks use them, along with its own funds in businesses which are Shariah compliant.  Wakala model can also be used for Investment Account.

WHAT IS MUSHARAKAH?
literal meaning of Musharakah is sharing. The root of the word "Musharakah" in Arabic is Shirkah, which means being a partner.  Under Islamic jurisprudence, Musharakah means where two or more than two persons agree to contribute funds for conducting some business in which all partners share the profit according to a specific ratio while the loss is shared according to the ratio of the contribution.
 The

Management of Musharakah
Each partner has right to take part in Musharakah management.  The partner may appoint a managing partner by mutual consent.  One are more of the partners may decide not to work for the Musharakah and work as a sleeping partner  If one or more partners choose to become no-working or steeping partners. The ratio of their profit cannot exceed from the ratio of their capital investment.


Capital of Musharakah
 All

partners must contribute their capital in terms of money or species at an agreed valuation.  Share capital in a Musharakah can be contributed either in cash or in the form of commodities. In the letter case the market value of the commodities shall determine the share of the partner in the capital.

Distribution of Profit
 

The ratio of profit distribution must be agreed at the time of execution of the contract. The ratio must be determined as a proportion on the actual profit earned by the enterprise. 1. Not as percentage of partners investment. 2. Not in lump sum amount A sleeping partner cannot share the profit more than the percentage of his capital.

Rule for loss

 In

the case of loss all the Muslim jurists are unanimous on the point that each partner shall suffer the loss exactly according to the ratio of investment

WHAT IS MUDARABAH?
 This

is a kind of partnership where one partner gives money to another for investing in a commercial enterprise.  The investment comes from the first partner who is called Rab-ul-Maal(Investor)  The management and work is an exclusive responsibility of the other, who is called Mudarib (Working Partner).  All other terms and conditions of Mudarabah are mostly same to Musharakah.

Islamic Microfinance Contracts

 Qariz  Musharakah  Mubarabah  Murabaha  Ijarah  Salam  Istisna

Thank You

CENTER OF ISLAMIC BANKING & ECNOMICS

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