Bitmap images are composed of pixels. Pixel is a discrete unit that has a location and a value.

1. A computer pixel is a square and cannot be divided into partial pixel . 2. Each pixel has a unique location in a bitmap. 3. Pixel has a value or color information that defines the color or tone of the bitmap image.

The greater the bit depth, the more available colors and the more accurate the color representation, but it also means larger amount of file size.

The colors represented by bit depth are according to the color mode the system or displaying or printing colors.

The simplest form of true B & W graphic image. Contains two types of pixels, literally B & W, used to create line art drawing.

Composed of 1 channel with 256 possible shades of gray Displays what we traditionally think of B & W image.

Composed of 3 channels Colors produced by computer monitor, TV, scanner, and Digital camera are based on this concept Also called additive colors because when projected together at full values produces white

Composed of 4 channels Primary colors of pigments (ink, wax, toner, and dye) used by painters / printing press are based on this concept. Also called subtractive colors because the absence of these colors produces white. 4 colors of cyan, magenta, yellow and black.

Defines color combination of 3 channels i. L luminance or lightness ii. A colors ranging from green to magenta iii. B colors ranging from blue to yellow

The number of pixels over a physical distance is called resolution 1. Scanning Resolution the number of pixels when an image is scanned, sometimes referred to a sample per inch 2. Image Resolution the numbers of pixel per inch (ppi) that are displayed in an image. 3. Device Resolution - the number of pixels that a device can produce, it is a measure in dpi or ppi.

File size is expressed in bytes, KB or MB

= (Pixel Dimension * Color mode ) / 1,048,576 bytes

Highlight is the lightest pixel Shadow is the darkest pixel Midtone is the median value between black and white points

1) Brightness/Contrast performs global adjustment of brightness and contrast to a selected area or to entire image; it has two sliders of adjustment 2) Auto Levels makes the lightest pixel in white and the darkest pixel in black

3) Auto Contrast - makes the lightest pixel in white and the darkest pixel in black while maintaining the color balance 4) Auto Color (new in PS7) maps the lightest pixel to white and the darkest pixel to black and then neutralizes the midtone.

5. Levels initially give three points of adjustment Black slider on the left determines the shadow part White slider on the right determines the highlight part Middle slider/gamma determines the midtone

6. Curves the most powerful color adjustment tool because it has three to nine points of adjustment; you can lighten or darken an image, improve its contrast or even create wild solarization effects 7. Color Balance adjusts the overall mixture of colors in the image and eliminates the color cast Contrast colors: Cyan - Red Magenta -- Green Yellow -- Blue 8. Hue/Saturation changes the basic color characteristics of an image Hue colors of light Saturation - (chroma) intensity of colors Lightness - brightness value

9) Desaturate removes color to the image 10) Replace Color samples a specific range of colors and automatically replaces it with a different range of colors, without affecting the rest of the image; its a combination of the Hue/Saturation and Color Range commands

11) Color Replacement tool (B) - (new in CS) changes the color of an image effortlessly, while returning the original texture and shading

12. Invert makes the image look like a film negative, each pixel will be replaced with its opposite color value 13. Threshold makes the image high contrast by converting color or gray pixels into black and white pixels 14. Variations displays how an image will look with various color adjustments 15. Equalize redistributes the images light and dark values; it may improve the image that lacks contrast or is too dark