Research design

RESEARCH DESIGN
RD constitutes the blue print for the collection, measurement & analysis of data RD is the plan & structure of investigation so conceived as to obtain answers to research question . The plan is the overall scheme or program of the research . It includes an outline of what the investigator will do from hypotheses & their operational implication to the final analysis of data Research Design The research design is the master plan specifying the methods and procedures for collecting and analyzing the needed information
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Research design

TO SUMMARIZE
1.An activity & time based plan 2.A plan always based on the research question 3.A guide for selecting sources & types of information 4.A framework for specifying the relationships among the studys variables 5.A procedural outline for every research activity
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TYPES OF RESEARCH DESIGN:

Three traditional categories of research design are: Exploratory Descriptive Causal The choice of the most appropriate design depends largely on the objectives of the research and how much is known about the problem and these objectives

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EXPLORATORY RESEARCH DESIGN

Exploratory research is most commonly unstructured, informal research that is undertaken to gain background information about the general nature of the research problem. Exploratory research is usually conducted when the researcher does not know much about the problem and needs additional information or desires new or more recent information.

It is used in a number of situations: To gain background information To define terms To clarify problems and hypotheses To establish research priorities

It is a variety of methods are available to conduct exploratory research: Secondary Data Analysis Experience Surveys Case Analysis Focus Groups Projective Techniques

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DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH DESIGN Research Design: Descriptive Research :

Descriptive research is undertaken to provide answers to questions of who, what, where, when, and how but not why. Two basic classifications: Cross-sectional studies Longitudinal studies

Cross-sectional studies measure units from a sample of the population at only one point in time. Sample surveys are cross-sectional studies whose samples are drawn in such a way as to be representative of a specific population. Longitudinal studies repeatedly draw sample units of a population over time. One method is to draw different units from the same sampling frame. A second method is to use a panel where the same people are asked to respond periodically. On-line survey research firms recruit panel members to respond to online queries

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Research Design: Causal Research

CAUSAL RESEARCH DESIGN

Causality may be thought of as understanding a phenomenon in terms of conditional statements of the form If x, then y.Causal relationships are typically determined by the use of experiments, but other methods are also used.

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Basic objectives of research design

To gain background information pothesis, to establish research priorities, to develop questions to be a

Exploratory

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Basic objectives of research design

easure any phenomena at a Descriptive point in time

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hypothesis, to make If then statements to answer questions

causal

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Validity of a research design

Validity refers to the strength & the accuracy of a research design. Two basic types of validity in a research design
Internal validity External validity

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Validity of a research design

Internal validity
It describes the ability of the research design to unambiguously test the research hypothesis. In other words, internal validity refers to the extent to which one can accurately state that the independent variable is responsible for the observed effect in the dependent variable & no other variable is responsible for the effect.

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Validity of a research design

External validity

Its related to generlisability of the findings/results. It refers to the degree of generalisability of the conclusions to other situations

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Concept check
the plan & structure of investigation so conceived as to obtain answers to research question . The plan is the overall scheme or program of the research . It includes an outline of what the investigator will do from hypotheses & their operational implication to the final analysis of data
Research Design