ROHAYATIMAH MUHAMMAD TAHIR

PUAN ROHA
BP 201 7967 5931
. . rohayati@um edu my By appointment
House rules
Time
Hand phones
Talking
( )
( ) ( )
h
a f h a f
a f
h
+

0
lim '
provided this limit exists
The derivative of the function f
at a
( )
( ) ( )
h
x f h x f
x f
h
+

0
lim '
The derivative of the function f on the interval
I
provided this limit exists for
all x I
Differentiation is the process of finding a
derivative
Differentiate f with respect
to x
f (x)
Differentiate g with respect
to x
g (x)
Differentiate f with respect
to t
f (t)
( ) ( ) x f
dx
d
x f '
( ) ( ) x g
dx
d
x g '
( ) ( ) t f
dt
d
t f '
dx
dy
Find the derivative of f
Find the derivative of g
If f (a) , exists then f is continuous at x
= a.
, But if a function is continuous at a point it does not mean
. that it is differentiable there
( ) x x f
Continuous but not differentiable at
x = 0
corner
( )

'

>

2 , 4 2
2 , 4
2
x x
x x
x f
Continuous but not differentiable at
x = 2
cusp
Applying rules of
differentiation
( )

,
`

.
|

,
`

.
|
+
2
2
3 1
1
x x
x f
( )

,
`

.
|
+ 1
1
x
x u
( )

,
`

.
|

2
2
3
x
x v
( )
2
1
x
x u

( )
3
4
x
x v

( )

,
`

.
|

,
`

.
|
+

,
`

.
|
+

2 2 3
1 2
3
4
1
1
x x x x
x f
4 2 3 4
2 3 4 4
x x x x
+ +
( ) x x x f ln 3
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) x
dx
d
x x
dx
d
x x f 3 ln ln 3 +
( ) ( ) 3 ln
1
3 x
x
x +
x ln 3 3+
2
tan
x
x
y
( ) x x u tan ( ) x x u
2
sec

( )
2
x x v
( ) x x v 2

4
2 2
tan 2 sec
x
x x x x
dx
dy

( )
4
2
tan 2 sec
x
x x x x

x
e
x x
y
sin

( ) ( ) ( )
( )
2
sin sin
x
x x
e
e
dx
d
x x x x
dx
d
e
dx
dy

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
x
x x
e
e x x x
dx
d
x x
dx
d
x e
2
sin sin sin

,
`

.
|
+

( ) ( ) ( )
x
x x
e
e x x x x x e
2
sin sin cos +

( )
x
x
e
x x x x x e
2
sin sin cos +

x
e
x x x x x sin sin cos +

( ) ( ) x x x f
1
3
sin

( ) x x
1
3
1
sin

( ) ( ) ( )

,
`

.
|
+

3
1
1 1
3
1
sin sin x
dx
d
x x
dx
d
x x f
( )

,
`

.
|
+

3
2
1
2
3
1
3
1
sin
1
1
x x
x
x
3
2
1
2
3
1
3
sin
1
x
x
x
x

+

x x y tan sec 3
( ) ( ) x
dx
d
x x
dx
d
x
dx
dy
sec 3 tan tan sec 3 +
( ) ( ) x x x x x tan sec 3 tan sec sec 3
2
+
x x x sec tan 3 sec 3
2 3
+
Find an equation for the line tangent to the
graph of
( , ). at the point 1 2
2 2
+ x x y
3
3
2
2 2 2
x
x x x
dx
dy


0
1

x
dx
dy
The tangent to the graph of y is a horizontal line passing through
( , ) the point 1 2
What is the required equation then?
Find an equation for the line tangent to the
graph of
( )
1
1
+

x
x
x f
( , ). at the point 1 0
( )
( ) ( )
( )
2
1
1 1 1 1
+
+

x
x x
x f
( )
2
1
2
+

x
( )
( ) 2
1
1 1
2
1
2

+
f
2
1
1

x
y
Find an equation for the line normal to the
graph of
( )
2
1
x
x f
( , at the point 2
. ) 0 5
( )
3
2
x
x f


( )
4
1
2
2
2
3

f
, Thus the slope of the line normal to the curve at x =
2 has to be 4
4
2
5 . 0

x
y
Chain rule
( ) u f y
If and then ( ) x g u
dx
du
du
dy
dx
dy

Chain rule in Leibniz

notation
( )
4
3
6
1
x x
y

( )
4
3
6

x x
x x u
3
6
If we let then
4
u y
dx
du
du
dy
dx
dy

( ) 1 18 4
2 5


x u
( ) ( ) 1 18 6 4
2
5
3


x x x
( )
( )
5
3
2
6
1 18 4
x x
x

( ) ( ) x x x f
2
6 sin
If we let then
x x u
2
6 ( ) u x f sin
( ) ( )( ) 1 12 cos

x u x f
( ) ( ) x x x
2
6 cos 1 12
x
y
2
sin 1
1
+

( )
1
2
sin 1

+ x
( ) ( ) x
dx
d
x
dx
dy
2
2
2
sin 1 sin 1 + +

( )

,
`

.
|
+

x
dx
d
x x sin sin 2 sin 1
2
2
( ) ( ) ( ) x x x cos sin 2 sin 1
2
2

+
( )
2
2
sin 1
cos sin 2
x
x x
+

( ) ( ) 1 4 tan
3 2
x x f
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 1 4 tan 1 4 tan 2
3 3

x
dx
d
x x f
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 1 4 1 4 sec 1 4 tan 2
3 3 2 3
x
dx
d
x x
( ) ( ) ( )( )
2 3 2 3
12 1 4 sec 1 4 tan 2 x x x
l Hopital s rule
x
x
x
sin
lim
0
1
cos
lim
0
x
x

1
0 cos

x
x
x
1 cos
lim
0

1
sin
lim
0
x
x

x
e
x
x
1
lim
0

1
lim
0
x
x
e

Related rates
Suppose two functions f and g are related by the equation
( ) ( ) [ ] < < + t t g t f , 10 3
2
Find the rate at which the function f is changing at t = 4 if g( ) 4
= 2 and g(4) = 5
( ) 4 f

( ) ( ) ( ) t g t g t f

2 3
( ) ( ) t g t g

6
( ) ) 5 )( 2 ( 6 4

f
Find
EXAMPLE 1
A balloon in the shape of a sphere is inflated so that the volume is
. increasing by 100 cubic cm per second At what rate is the radius
increasing when the radius is 9 cm?
3
3
4
r V
dt
dr
r
dt
dV
2
3
3
4

dt
dr
r
2
4
dt
dV
r dt
dr
2
4
1

100
dt
dV
Find
dt
dr
and given when radius is 9
cm
EXAMPLE 2
A student is standing 30 m from a straight section of railroad
. track in order to perform an experiment on the Doppler effect A
, / . train is approaching moving along the track at 90 km h How fast is
the distance between the train and the student changing when the
train is 50 m from the student?
30 m
x
y
90
dt
dx
Find
dt
dy
and given when y is 50
2 2 2
30 + x y
dt
dx
x
dt
dy
y 2 2
so that
dt
dx
y
x
dt
dy

= y 50

2 2 2
30 50 + x
40 x
EXAMPLE 3
The top portion of a coffee maker has the shape of a cone 10 cm
. . high The radius at the top is 4 cm Coffee is flowing from the top
section into the bottom section at a rate of 4 cm
3
/ . s At what rate is
the level of coffee in the top section falling when the coffee in
the top section is 4 cm deep?
10
4
r
h
4
dt
dV
Find
dt
dh
and given when h is 4
h r V
3
3
1


,
`

.
|
+
dt
dr
h r
dt
dh
r
dt
dV
2 3
3
3
1

h r
h
r
5
2
10
4

dt
dh
dt
dr
5
2

( )
5
8
4
5
2
r
EXAMPLE 4
Implicit differentiation
Assume y is a function of x
( )
dx
dy
y y
dx
d
2
2

1
9 16
2 2
+
y x
Find the slope of the line tangent to the graph of
the ellipse
at the
point

,
`

.
|
2
3 3
, 2
Differentiate both sides of the equation with respect to
x
0
9
2
8
+
dx
dy y x
8 9
2 x
dx
dy y

y
x
dx
dy
16
9

At the
point

,
`

.
|
2
3 3
, 2
( )
4
3
2
3 3
16
2 9

,
`

.
|

dx
dy
4
3
2
2
3 3

x
y
EXAMPLE 1
, Using implicit differentiation
derive
for the equation
dx
dy
2 2 2
3x y x y +
x
dx
dy
x xy
dx
dy
y 6 2 2
2
+ +
( ) xy x x y
dx
dy
2 6 2
2
+
2
2
2 6
x y
xy x
dx
dy
+

EXAMPLE 2
Find and equation of the line normal to the graph of
7
2 3
x y
( , at the point 1
) 2
0 2 3
2
x
dx
dy
y
x
dx
dy
y 2 3
2

2
3
2
y
x
dx
dy

( , At the point 1
) 2
( )
( ) 6
1
2 3
1 2
2

dx
dy
The slope of the desired line is 6
6
1
2

x
y
EXAMPLE 3
Find the slope of the line tangent to the graph of the equation
( ) y x xy cos sin
2

( ) ( ) y x y
dx
d
x xy
dx
d
xy cos 2 cos cos
2
+
( ) y x
dx
dy
y x y
dx
dy
x xy cos 2 sin cos
2
+

,
`

.
|
+
( ) ( ) ( ) xy y y x y x xy x
dx
dy
cos cos 2 sin cos
2
+
( )
( ) y x xy x
xy y y x
dx
dy
sin cos
cos cos 2
2
+

at the
point

,
`

.
|
2
, 2

( )
( ) ( )
( )( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) 4 1 4 1 2
1
2
0 2 2
2
sin 2
2
2 cos 2
2
2 cos
2 2
cos 2 2
2

+
,
`

.
|

,
`

.
|

,
`

.
|

,
`

.
|

dx
dy
EXAMPLE 4
( ) ( )
( )
6
4 5
4 1
2 1 3
x
x x
y

( ) ( )
( )
]
]
]

6
4 5
4 1
2 1 3
ln ln
x
x x
y
( ) ( ) ( ) x x x 4 1 ln 6 2 ln 4 1 3 ln 5 +

,
`

.
|

,
`

.
|

,
`

.
|

x x x dx
dy
y 4 1
4
6
2
1
4
1 3
3
5
1
]
]
]

,
`

.
|

,
`

.
|

,
`

.
|

x x x
y
dx
dy
4 1
4
6
2
1
4
1 3
3
5
( ) ( )
( )
]
]
]

,
`

.
|

,
`

.
|

,
`

.
|

x x x
x
x x
dx
dy
4 1
4
6
2
1
4
1 3
3
5
4 1
2 1 3
6
4 5
EXAMPLE 5
x
x y
x x y ln ln
( ) x x
dx
d
x
dx
dy
y
ln ln
1
+
x
x
x ln
1
+
x ln 1+
( ) x y
dx
dy
ln 1+
( ) x x
x
ln 1+
EXAMPLE 6