RÉPUBLIQUE ALGÉRIENNE DÉMOCRATIQUE ET

POPULAIRE

MINISTÈRE DE L’ENSEIGNEMENT UNIVERSITÉ DJILALI BOUNAAMA

SUPÉRIEUR ET DE LA RECHERCHE KHEMIS-MILIANA
SCIENTIFIQUE

salmonelloses

Année universitaire : 2022- 2023

 Plan de travail
01 02 03
Généralité sur les Épidémiologie des
Introduction
salmonelles salmonelloses

04 05 06
Méthodes de lutte contre Les moyens de
les salmonelloses
Conclusion
prévention
 Introduction
L'évolution des maladies d'origine alimentaire
infectieuse dans le monde et en particulier en Algérie,
semble être liée à la présence de microorganismes
dans les aliments. Ces maladies constituent pourtant
le problème de santé publique le plus répandu dans le
monde et génèrent un fardeau social et économique
représentant ainsi une source de souffrances
humaines.
C’est quoi les
Salmonelles ?
 Définition
Les salmonelles sont des bactéries Gram négatives, non
sporulant de la famille des Enterobacteriaceae. De forme
allongée dite bacille, elles mesurent entre 2 et 5 µm de long
pour un diamètre de 0.6 à 1µm. Elles sont aéro-anaérobies
facultatives.
Elles sont à l’origine de nombreuses maladies chez
l’homme, mais aussi chez les animaux.
 Classification
Genre Salmonella

Espèce S. bongori S. enterica

Sous-espèces Enterica Salamae Arizonae Diarizonae Houtenae Indica

Salmonelles Salmonelles
Typhiques non typhiques
 Caractéristiques biochimiques

Mercury Venus Mars

It’s the closest planet to Venus has a beautiful Despite being red, Mars is
the Sun and the smallest name and is the second actually a cold place. It’s
in the Solar System planet from the Sun full of iron oxide dust
 Les caractères antigéniques
types d'antigènes

Antigène somatique Antigène flagellaire L'antigène de virulence

LPS de la paroi bactérienne C’est un antigène de

Cet antigène est localisé surface, de nature
représentent les antigènes « O
sur le flagelle et le polysaccharidique,
» et constituent l’endotoxine
principal composant est capsulaire et peuvent
de la bactérie.
une protéine. masquer les antigènes O.

Ag O Ag H
Ag Vi
 Habitat
Les Salmonelles sont des
pathogènes intestinaux, qui sont
présentes dans les intestins de
l’homme et des animaux.
Les autres sous-espèces
les aliments d’origine sont quant à elles
végétale, les fruits et les retrouvées chez des
légumes. animaux à sang froid

1 3 5

2 4
Leur désamination dans
l’environnement provient
essentiellement de
contamination fécale.
La sous-espèce enterica est
adaptée aux animaux à sang
chaud dont l’homme.
Épidémiologie des
salmonelloses
C’est quoi une Salmonellose?

Définition d’une
salmonellose
Les salmonelloses sont des maladies provoquées
par des entérobactéries du genre Salmonella. La
plupart des Salmonella sont hébergées dans l'intestin
des animaux vertébrés et sont le plus souvent
transmises à l'homme par le biais d'aliments
contaminés.
 Les types de la salmonellose
Les salmonelloses
comprennent deux
principaux types 

Salmonelloses typhiques Salmonellose non typhiques

Fièvres typhoïdes Fièvres paratyphoïdes Gastro-entérites TIAC

Les symptômes

salmonellose
 maux de tête

Fièvre a 39-40 °C

Vomissements
douleurs abdominales

Diarrhées ou constipation
 Les principales causes de la
salmonellose
1. 2.
La consommation d’aliments le lait cru (non pasteuriser) et les
contaminés, tels que viande crue, produits de lait cru, de même que
volaille et œufs qui n’ont pas été l’eau contaminée
bien cuits

3.
Un contact direct avec les
selles d’êtres humains infectés,
ou avec les excréments
d’animaux sauvages ou
domestiques
4. 5.
Ne pas laver les fruits et Ne pas bien nettoyer les
légumes frais avant de les surfaces de travail utilisées
manger pour apprêter la viande crue et
d’autres aliments
 Les voies de contamination

La contamination directe  La contamination La contamination indirecte 

Les mains avec les selles de personnes
ou d'animaux infectés (volailles,
oiseaux, chats, reptiles, par exemple).
croisée 
C’est-à-dire à partir d’une surface de Avec des personnes ou des aliments
travail contaminée par la salmonelle contaminés,
pendant la préparation de viandes ou
d'aliments crus.
 Symptoms of the disease
Symptoms

Diarrhea Fever Stomachache

Venus is the second Jupiter is the biggest Mars is actually a

planet from the Sun planet of them all very cold place
 Risk factors
Evolution Prevalence
Mercury Jupiter

25 75
% %

Big Number

200,000,000
Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then paste the new one here. For more info, click here
 Diagnosis
Mercury Venus
Mercury is the closest Venus is the second
planet to the Sun planet from the Sun

Mars Neptune
Despite being red, Mars Neptune is the farthest
is actually a cold place planet from the Sun

Jupiter Saturn
Jupiter is the biggest It’s composed of
planet of them all hydrogen and helium
Awesome
words
 Treatment

Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4

Mercury is the Neptune is very far Despite being red, Venus has high
Mars smallest planet from the Sun Mars is cold temperatures

Venus has high Jupiter is the Earth is where we We all orbit around
Jupiter temperatures biggest planet all live the Sun

The Moon is
Mars is actually a Neptune is very far Earth is known as
Venus very cold place from us
Earth’s natural
the blue planet
satellite
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 Prevalence

Venus Jupiter
Venus is the 10% 35% Jupiter is the
second planet biggest planet

30%

Mars 25% Mercury

It’s actually a Mercury is the
very cold place closest planet
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 Conclusions
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