PRESENTED BY: MD. Ziaul haque(7ete080181) Sabrina Maksuda (7ete080182) Utpal Adhikary(7ete080177) Md.

Hasan Talukder(7ete080184) Bikas Chandra(7ete080173)

Contents
What is GSM? History of GSM GSM services GSM Architecture System Architecture Outgoing call Incoming Call GSM Operation GSM Frequency GPRS EDGE Generation

Global System for Mobile (GSM) is a second generation cellular standard developed to cater voice services and data delivery using digital modulation

When ?
1982: GSM created to set standard. 1988: Industrial development started. 1991: First Systems Deployed.

Why ?
Higher digital voice quality. Low cost alternatives to making calls such as SMS. Ability to deploy equipment from different vendors. GSM allows network operators to offer roaming services .

 Tele-services  Bearer or Data Services  Supplementary services

Mobile Station (MS): Base Station Subsystem (BSS): Network Subsystem:

Base Transceiver Station (BTS) Base Station Controller (BSC) Mobile Equipment (ME) Subscriber Identity Module (SIM)

Mobile Switching Center (MSC) Home Location Register (HLR) Visitor Location Register (VLR) Authentication Center (AUC) Equipment Identity Register (EIR)

The Mobile Station is made up of two entities: Mobile Equipment (ME)

The Mobile Equipment is the hardware used by the subscriber to access the network . o Uniquely identified by an IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identity)
o

Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) Smart card containing the International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) o Allows user to send and receive calls and receive other subscribed services o Protected by a password or PIN
o o

Base Station Subsystem is composed of two parts :

1) Base Transceiver Station (BTS) 2) Base Station Controller (BSC)

Base Transceiver Station (BTS)

Houses the radio transceivers that define a cell Handles radio-link protocols with the Mobile Station

 Base Station Controller (BSC)

Manages Resources for BTS Handles call set up Location update Handover for each MS

Mobile Services Switching Center (MSC) Major MSC Functions : Switching and call routing Charging Service provisioning Communication with HLR Communication with the VLR Communication with other MSCs Control of connected BSCs Direct access to Internet services Home Location Registers (HLR) : Contains administrative information of each subscriber Most important database

Visitor Location Registers (VLR) - Integrated with MSC o tracks which customers have the phone on and ready to receive a call o periodically updates the database on which phones are turned on and ready to receive calls Authentication Center (AUC) o mainly used for security o data storage location and functional part of the network o Ki is the primary element Equipment Identity Register (EIR) - Database that is used to track handsets using the IMEI ,Made up of three sub-classes: The White List, The Black List and the Gray List o Optional database

Outgoing Call
MS sends dialled number to BSS 2. BSS sends dialled number to MSC 3,4 MSC checks VLR if MS is allowed the requested service. If so , MSC asks BSS to allocate resources for call. 5 MSC routes the call to GMSC 6 GMSC routes the call to local exchange of called user 7, 8, 9,10 Answer back(ring back) tone is routed from called user to MS via GMSC,MSC,BSS
1.

Incoming Call
1. Calling a GSM subscribers 2. Forwarding call to GSMC 3. Signal Setup to HLR 4. 5. Request MSRN from VLR 6. Forward responsible MSC to GMSC 7. Forward Call to current MSC 8. 9. Get current status of MS 10. 11. Paging of MS 12. 13. MS answers 14. 15. Security checks 16. 17. Set up connection

Speech

GSM Operation
Speech

Speech coding 13 Kbps Channel Coding 22.8 Kbps Interleaving 22.8 Kbps Burst Formatting 33.6 Kbps Ciphering 33.6 Kbps odulation Radio Interface 270.83 Kbps

Speech decoding

Channel decoding

De-interleaving

Burst Formatting

De-ciphering

Demodulation

GSM systems use radio frequencies between 890915 MHz for receive and between 935-960 MHz for transmit. RF carriers are spaced every 200 kHz, allowing a total of 124 carriers for use. An RF carrier is a pair of radio frequencies, one used in each direction. Transmit and receive frequencies are always separated by 45 MHz.

UPLINK FREQUENCIES

Downlink

Uplink

DOWNLINK FREQUENCIES

890

915

935

960

UPLINK AND DOWNLINK FREQUENCY SEPARATED BY 45MHZ

1G(First generation)
y 1G refers to the first-generation of wireless telephone

technology, mobile telecommunications. These are the analog telecommunications standards that were introduced in the 1980s and continued until being replaced by 2G digital telecommunications. y The main difference between two 1G and 2G, is that the radio signals that 1G networks use are analog, while 2G networks are digital.

2G(Second-generation)
y 2G means second-generation wireless telephone

technology. Second generation 2G cellular telecom networks were commercially launched on the GSM standard in Finland in 1991. 2G introduced data services for mobile, starting with SMS text messages.

2G Technologies
Divided into TDMA based and CDMA based

 GSM(TDMA based)  IS-95(CDMA-based)  PDC(TDMA-based)  IDEN(TDMA-based)  IS-136(TDMA-based)

2G application
 Email  SMS  Digital Text Delivery  Location-based services  Telephone

Advantage Of 2G
y The lower power emissions helped address health

concerns Going all-digital allowed for the introduction of digital data services, such as SMS and email. y Greatly reduced fraud. With analog systems it was possible to have two or more "cloned" handsets that had the same phone number y Enhanced privacy.

3G (third generation)
 Based on the International Telecommunications Union

standards, the 3G network is the third generation of mobile networking and telecommunications. It features a wider range of services and advances network capacity over the previous 2G network. The 3G network also increases the rate of information transfer known as spectral efficiency. Telephony has received a wider area and more range, while video and broadband wireless data transfers have also been positively affected. These criteria are identified as the IMT-2000 standard.  A 3G network provides -Download speed=14.4Mbps -Upload speed=5.8Mbps  The minimum speed for a stationary user is 2 megabits per second. A user in a moving vehicle can expect 348 kilobits per second.

3G Application
 Mobile videoconferencing  Video Phone/Mail  Remote Medical Diagnosis and Education  Mobile TV/Video Player  Advanced Car Navigation/ City Guides  Digital Catalog Shopping  Digital Audio/Video Delivery  Collaborative B2B Applications

4G(Fourth Generation)
y 4G is the fourth generation of cellular wireless standards. It is a

successor to the 3G and 2G families of standards. In 2009, the ITU-R organization specified the IMT-Advanced (International Mobile Telecommunications Advanced) requirements for 4G standards, setting peak speed requirements for 4G service at 100 Mbit/s for high mobility communication (such as from trains and cars) and 1 Gbit/s for low mobility communication (such as pedestrians and stationary users). all-IP based mobile broadband solution to laptop computer wireless modems, Smartphone's, and other mobile devices. Facilities such as ultra-broadband Internet access, IP telephony, gaming services, and streamed multimedia may be provided to users.

y A 4G system is expected to provide a comprehensive and secure

4G Features
 4G is described as MAGIC

   

Mobile multimedia, Anytime anywhere, Global mobility support, Integrated wireless solution, and Customized personal service High usability: anytime, anywhere, and with any technology Support for multimedia services at low transmission cost Personalization Integrated services

4G Advantages
 Higher bandwidth  Better repsonstime. 10 times better then 3G  Works at 2.6GHz frequency wich means better coverage even though it uses the same tower where the receiver and transmitter for 3G is.  Less time to buid 4G because it use the same tower and fibercables as 3Gs - they only have to upgrade the towers with 4G components.

3G vs. 4G
Technology Frequency band Bandwidth Data rate 3G 1.8 - 2.5GHz 5-20MHz Up to 2Mbps 2 - 8GHz 5-20MHz 100Mbps moving - 1Gbps stationary VSF-OFCDM and VSF- CDMA Concatenated codes Packet 4G

Access FEC Switching

W-CDMA Turbo-codes Circuit/Packet

GPRS Architecture

BTS
MT Um

Abis A

GMSC MSC/VLR
Gs Gb

ISDN / PSTN / PLMN Network

EIR
Gf

BSC
TE

AUC

MS

SGSN
Gr Gn

BSS
A Abis Ericsson) AUC BSC BSS BTS EIR GGSN GMSC Center Gx HLR MS MSC MT SGSN TE Um VLR GSM Interface GSM Interface (Proprietary of M/s Authentication Center Base Station Center Base Station System Base Transceiver Station Equipment Identity Register Gateway GPRS Support Node Gateway Mobile services Switching GPRS Interfaces Home Location Register Mobile Station Mobile services Switching Center Mobile Terminal Serving GPRS Support Node Terminal Equipment Air Interface GSM Network Elements Visitor Location Register

HLR
IP-Backbone Network

Gn Gi
External IP Network

GGSN
Gi

External X.25 Network

GPRS Network Elements

Traffic & Signaling

Signaling

GPRS COMPONENTS
To ensure the interworking of the PLMN, PDN and the wireless networks, two new major components are required. y These components are called GPRS Support Nodes. y There are two types of GPRS Support Nodes
y
Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN) 2. Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN)
1.

Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN)

An SGSN delivers packets to mobile stations within its service area. SGSNs send queries to Home Location Registers (HLRs) to obtain profile data of GPRS subscribers. SGSNs detect new GPRS mobile stations in a given service area; and, finally, SGSNs process registration of new mobile subscribers and keep a record of their location inside a given service area.

Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN)

GGSNs are used as interfaces to external PDNs. GGSNs maintain routing information that is necessary to tunnel the Protocol Data Units (PDUs) to the SGSNs that service particular mobile stations. Other functions include network and subscriber screening and address mapping. One or more GGSNs may support multiple SGSNs.

GPRS Network Enhancements

 In addition to the new GPRS components, existing

GSM and TDMA network elements must also be enhanced in order to support GPRS.  The following two pieces of equipment must be enhanced:

Base Station System (BSS): must be enhanced to recognize and send user data to the SGSN that is serving the area. Home Location Register (HLR): must be enhanced to register GPRS user profiles and respond to queries originating from SGSNs regarding these profiles.

Advantages of GPRS
y Increased revenues by moving in to the mobile

data market y Gain new subscribers requiring the data services without investing in to PCs to gain internet access y Retain current subscribers by offering new services y Reduce costs due to efficient use of network resources

EDGE
y Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE)is a digital mobile

phone technology that allows improved data transmission rates as a backward-compatible extension of GSM. EDGE is considered a pre-3G radio technology and is part of ITU's 3G definition. EDGE was deployed on GSM networks beginning in 2003 threefold increase in capacity and performance compared with an ordinary GSM/GPRS connection.

y EDGE delivers higher bit-rates per radio channel, resulting in a

y EDGE can be used for any packet switched application, such as an

Internet connection .

y EDGE can carry a bandwidth up to 236.8 kbit/s (with end-to-end

latency of less than 150 ms) for 4 timeslots (theoretical maximum is 473.6 kbit/s for 8 timeslots) in packet mode

ANY QUESTION

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