APPLICATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN POWER TRANSFORMER FAULT DIAGNOSIS

By YANG QI-PING , LI MENG-QUN, MU XUE-YUN, WANG JUN

Presented by ARATHI AJAY S7 EEE NO: 7

CONTENTS
Artificial Intelligence Artificial Neural Network(ANN) Transformer fault and Dissolved Gas Analysis Transformer Fault Diagnosis Artificial Intelligence (TFDAI) System TFD Expert System TFDANN Illustration Conclusion Reference

WHAT IS ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE?

Study and design of intelligent systems. Intelligent system one that perceives its environment and takes actions to maximize its chances of success. Deals with reasoning, knowledge, planning, learning, communication etc.

ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK

AI implemented using ANN Emulation of biological neural system Imitates information processing of brain Can teach oneself and adapt non-linear relations between input and output.

NEURAL NETWORK
Biological Artificial

BIOLOGICAL NEURON 1) Dendrites 2)Electrical impulse 3)Strength of synapse 4)Cell body 5)Axon 6)Signal of axon

ARTIFICIAL NEURON Input unit Input (p) Weight (W) Summation unit and transfer function Output unit Output (a)

TRANSFORMER FAULTS

Main faults are Arcing or high current breakdown H2, C2H2 Low energy sparking or partial discharges H2, other lower HC Hot spots or localized overheating CH4, C2H6 General overheating CO, CO2

DISSOLVED GAS ANALYSIS

To detect incipient faults in oil-filled transformers Rate of evolution of HC temperature Methods: 1. Key Gas Method

H2- Corona, O2 & N2- no fault, CO & CO2- cellulose breakdown CH4 & C2H6- low temp oil BD, C2H4 High temp BD, C2H2- Arcing

2. Ratio Method
CH4/H2, C2H2/C2H6, C2H2/C2H4

TRANSFORMER FAULT DIAGNOSIS ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE SYSTEM

TFD Expert System

TFD ANN

TFD EXPERT SYSTEM

Knowledge Database Inference

Base

Engine Interpretation Mechanism Man Machine Interface

KNOWLEDGE BASE

Six Modules:

Gas chromatography analysis module

Normal, Normally aged, Partially discharging, over heated H2,CH4,C2H6,C2H4,C12, CO,CO2

Exterior Inspection module

Exterior or Interior Imperfection noise, oil level, oil temperature

Oil feature test module

Good, alert, bad acidity, resistivity, water content, surface tension, dielectric loss, breakdown voltage

Insulation preventive test module

Insulation Status - Measure values of DC resistance, insulation resistance, leakage currents of high, medium, low voltage of 3phase winding

Comprehensive analysis module

Gives final judgment on analyzing the above modules

Coordinator module
Coordinates and controls TFDES. Starts with chromatography, then exterior inspection followed by oil feature and insulation preventive test modules.

TFD ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK

Two phases : 1. Learning 2. Diagnosis Five modules:
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Characteristic Gas Method Module BP1 Three Ratios Method Module BP2 Insulation Oil Feature Test Module BP3 Exterior Inspection Module BP4 Comprehensive Analysis Module BP5

BP1 6inputs, 4outputs I/p: H2, CH4, C2H2, C2H4, C2H6, CO O/p: Normal, over heating, corona, arcing BP2 3i/p, 9 o/p I/p: C2H2/C2H4, CH4/H2, C2H4/C2H6 O/p: 1 normal and 8 Faults BP3 6 i/p, 3 o/p I/p: acidity, resistivity, water content, surface tension, dielectric loss, breakdown voltage O/p: good, alert, bad

BP4 3 i/p, 2 o/p I/p: noise, oil level, oil temperature O/p: exterior imperfection, interior imperfection BP5 From the results of BP1, BP2, BP3, BP4, makes final judgment

TFDAI
Input - transformers measured data Preliminary judgment by logical judging model Status - either normal or abnormal If abnormal, TFDES and TFDANN starts parallel Their output to Comprehensive Analysis to give final judgment

EXAMPLE
Test Data of a transformer:
H2 217.5 CH4 40 C2H6 4.9 C2H4 51.8 C2H2 67.5 CO 646.7 CO 1264

Acidity Resistivity Water content Surface tension Voltage rank Breakdown voltage Dielectric loss

.195 15x1010 33.5 20x10-3 110 39.5 1.75

From TFDES:

Transformer Interior Abnormal Nature of fault: High Energy Discharge Suggestion: stop operation immediately, make interior inspection

From TFDANN:

BP1 output: Y4=1.000, conclusion electric arc discharge BP2 output: Y4=0.998, conclusion high energy discharge BP3 output: Y1=.9895, conclusion oil can be still used BP4 output: Y1=.9385, conclusion interior abnormal

From TFDAI:

Transformer interior abnormal Nature high energy discharge Conclusion - Transformer interior winding not good Suggestion stop operation, make interior inspection On site conclusion Winding Fault

CONCLUSION
ES to imitate logical thinking of brain ANN to imitate thinking in images of brain DGA powerful tool in fault diagnosis *advantage *disadvantage o TFDAI remedy to the disadvantages o Results highly reliable, less training time, less memory consumption, 80% success levels

REFERENCES

Mu Xue-Yun, Wang Jun and Yang Qi-Ping, Li Meng-Qun. Application of AI in Power Transformer Fault Diagnosis, International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Computational Intelligence, 2009, 7-8 Nov, p442-445 Martin T Hagan, Howard B Dcmuth and Mark Beale, Neural Network Design, chapter-2,3, page-2.1-2.23 and 3.1-3.16 Deepika Bhalla, RajKumar Bansal and Hari Om Gupta, Appication of Artificial Intelligence Techniques for Dissolced Gas Analysis of Transformers- A Review, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology 62 2010. Methods and applications of Artificial Intelligence: vol3, pg 421-424, George A Vouros K V Satyanarayana, C H Charkradhar Reddy, T P Govindan, Manoj Mandlik and T S Ramu, Application of Artificial Intelligence for the assessment of the Status of Power Transformers, Indian Institute of Science, Downloaded on March 9, 2010 from IEEE Xplore. Jessey G Smith, B Venkba Rao, Vivek Diwanji and Shivaram Kamat, Fault Diagnosis- Isolation of Malfunctions in Power Transformers, june 10, 2009, Tata Consultancy Sevices. Copyright 2009 Tata Consultancy Services.

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