Association between Dietary Carbohydrates and Body Weight

Prepared by: Joar S. Bonifacio

Abstract
Association of body mass index (wt (kg)/ht (m2)) and measures of induced glycemic response Data: observational study of 572 healthy adults in Massachusetts Anthropometric measurements, 7DDR, physical activity recalls collected quarterly for each subject 1-yearstudy period Data collection between 1994-1998 Longitudinal studies were conducted

Abstract
Body mass index was found to be positively associated with glycemic index, percentage of calories from carbohydrates, or glycemic load (glycemic index measure of glycemic response: ingesting of different types of carbohydrates and not daily carbohydrate intake Results: type of carbohydrate may be related to body weight Further research is required implications to weight management

Background of the Study

Over the last 20 8yrs, prevalence of obesity increased despite a decrease in reported percentage of energy intake derived from daily fat intake Issues of dietary self report not withstandingfactors other than dietary fat intake may be responsible for observed increase in obesity

Background of the Study

Glycemic index allows comparison of different foods based on physiologic effects rather on chemical composition Positve association between glycemic index and body weight shown in short term experimental and long term observational studies

Background of the Study

Possible biologic mechanisms of glycemic index on body weight: insulin levels, hunger, satiation Used longitudinal data from Season Variation of Blood Cholesterol Study(magnitude, timing of seasonal blood lipid changes - including variation in diet and physical activity) to evaluate relationship bet BMI and carbohydrate related dietary factors while controlling effect of physical acytivity and energy intake

Background of the Study

Carbohydrate related dietary factors (glycemic index, glycemic load, dailuy carbohydrate intake, percentage of calories from carbohydrates)

Materials and Methods

Subject recruitment and study design
o Residents of Worcester County, Massachusettes o 20-70 yrs, generally healthy o Recruited bet December 1994-February 1997 o Approved by review boards of Fallon Healthcare System and University of Massachusettes Medical School

Materials and Methods

Assessment of diet
o Use of 7-day dietary recall (7DDR) o Nutrient scores such as total caloric and carbohydrate intake were computed from7DDR

Materials and Methods

Physical activity assessment
o Physical activity patterns 24-hour recall interviews w/in 42-day window surrounding each visit o 3 unannounced 24-hour recalls trained registerd dieticians\

Materials and Methods

Assessment of Body Weight
o Relative mass expressed as BMI Assessment of demographic chracteristics Calculation of glycemic index and glycemic load from 7DDR

Materials and Methods

Statistical Methods
o Chi-square tests or t test o Exploratory graphic techniques o Fractional polynomial regression o Distinction of cross-sectional(bet-subjhe