03 TIB Concepts

TIBCO Active Enterprise
Concepts
Carmelo Martin Professional Service Group
2002 TIBCO Software Inc. All Rights Reserved. Confidential and Proprietary.
What is the TIB?
An acronym for The Information Bus The TIB is a body of software that facilitates the intelligent movement, organization and integration of data in a distributed environment It is a plug-and -play Software Bus for information The TIB embodies two communication concepts:
Subject-based addressing Publish/Subscribe communication model
The Idea
Consider the proven architecture of a PC or chip. They use a backplane, or bus approach. Why not write software in the same way?
Bus
Components
Big Three
Publish/Subscribe Subject Based Addressing Self Describing Data
TIB-based Publish/Subscribe
Broadcast or multicast communication Event-driven by data producer (Publisher) Far less overhead than when polling Faster at propagating data changes Location transparency facilitates automatic hotstandby server recovery Emerging communication paradigm
TIB Publisher Subscriber Subscriber ...
Subject-based Addressing
APP A
publisher
RESTAURANT.DINNER.STARTER.FISH.PLAICE
APP B
APP C
subscriber
RESTAURANT.BREAKFAST.TOAST
RESTAURANT.LUNCH.DRINK.WATER
data
subject name 89.3 MHz

89.3 MHz
1179 kHz
Subject Name Hierarchy
RESTAURANT
RESTAURANT
CAFE
RESTAURANT.LUNCH
...
BREAKFAST LUNCH DINNER
RESTAURANT.BREAKFAST.TOAST
TOAST
DRINK
STARTER
MAIN_COURSE
DESSERT
RESTAURANT.DINNER.STARTER.FISH RESTAURANT.DINNER.DRINK.>
...
FISH
...
...
Self-Describing Data
Self-describing Object
CUSTOMER.TELNUM.UPDATE
field name CustNumber field type Integer value 12345678 field name field type value TelNumber Message
subject
data What is your class? What are your attributes? What are their types? What are their values?
field name field type value field name field type value
AreaCode. Integer 415 TelNum Integer 21392
APP A
APP B
APP C
APP D
TIB Benefits
High availability High fault tolerance High scaleability High flexibility Short time to market Production strength Ready for large scale enterprises
TIB Benefits II
Facilitate information exchange Facilitate distributed software development Provide systematic integration Permit stand-alone operation Reduce costs, time, and support
Software maintenance System administration
Provide incremental and evolutionary migration path Enable dynamic integration
10
Introducing the TIB System Model
Current System Environment

Workstations PCs
TIB System Model
X.25
v
TIB
IBM MVS Tandem
MAINFRAMES
each system needs multiple interfaces
each system has one interface
11
Introducing the TIB System Model II
12
TIB: Off-the-shelf Middleware Communications Infrastructure
Infrastructure
plug & play of applications
Application Functionality
C Adapter
The Information Bus
13
Systematic Integration
Adapters integrate legacy or third-party software
Legacy Application TIB Application TIB Application TIB Application Adapter
3rd-Party Application Adapter non-TIB Application
The Information Bus Physical Network
14
Graceful Migration
Phase 0
Phase 1
Existing Client Existing Client
Phase 2
Phase 3
Existing Client
New Client
New Client
Replaced Client
New Client
Existing Server
Adapter TIB
Adapter TIB TIB
Adapter Replaced Server

Existing Server
Replaced Server
TIME
15
TIB Process Architecture
HOST 1
HOST 2
App A TIB API TIB Library

Communication Daemon
App B TIB API TIB Library
App C TIB API TIB Libary
Communication Daemon
Physical Network
16
High-Performance Architecture
Shared memory IPC

Fast and efficient Reduce number of interrupts
Message batching Low-level subject functions

Efficiently matches subjects Subject filtering at hardware level
Multicast Discovery protocols

Automatically find and rendezvous with services
17
Interaction Models
18
Publish/subscribe Interaction
19
Event-Driven Interaction: Characteristics

Emerging paradigm Used for monitoring, change notification, and realtime information exchange Data exchange initiated by producer (server push) Asynchronous data communication Supports one-to-many communication
20
Event-Driven Interaction: Benefits

Communicate changes faster Excellent real-time data dissemination, data replication, and workflow applications Information is pushed to consumers Less system overhead and communication than polling Yields more loosely-coupled modules
21
Event-Driven Programming
Applications sit on a river of information Arrival of an expected message triggers an event
APP A event
APP B
APP C
22
Demand-driven Interaction
23
Demand-driven Interaction: Characteristics
Standard client/server computing Used for decision support and transactions Data exchange initiated by consumer (client pull) Client must regularly poll server for updates One-to-one communication model
24
Demand-driven Interaction: Benefits
Widely-known and well accepted Excellent exploratory querying and standard transactions
25
Event-driven vs. Demand-driven
Event-driven--asynchronous. Demand-driven--synchronous. Event-driven--enables anonymous interaction (allows decoupling). Event-driven--requires less agreement on the data.
26
TIB Event-driven Publish/Subscribe
27
Subject-based Addressing
Applications publish data on the TIB under a semantically meaningful subject Applications subscribe to subjects and receive all data published under those subjects Subject-based addressing provides location transparency
28
Location Transparency
De-couple front-end from back-end Develop generic distributed applications
29
Self-describing Data
30
Self-Describing Data II
Self-describing Object
CUSTOMER.TELNUM.UPDATE
field name CustNumber field type Integer value 12345678 field name field type value TelNumber Message
subject
data What is your class? What are your attributes? What are their types? What are their values?
field name field type value field name field type value
AreaCode. Integer 415 TelNum Integer 21392
APP A
APP B
APP C
APP D
31
Event-driven Publish/Subscribe
32
Event Manager
Data-consuming applications register interest in subjects with event manager. Data-producing applications publish data via event manager under subjects. Data communicated to subscribing applications. Application event managers invoke appropriate procedures for processing data.
33
Publish/Subscribe features
Broadcast and multicast communication Event-driven by data producer Far less overhead than polling Faster at propagating data changes Location transparency facilitates automatic hotstandby server recovery Emerging communication paradigm
34
Reliable Publish/Subscribe
Has the most light-weight protocol for non-critical message delivery Reliable ordered delivery Broadcast to thousands of applications Loss detection with transparent re-transmission
35
Certified Publish/Subscribe
Critical ordered message delivery Guaranteed delivery even in case of failures Dynamic discovery broadcast protocols Point-to-point message protocols Automatic recovery protocols
36
Point-to-Point Request/Reply Interaction
37
Broadcast Request/Reply Interaction
38
Traditional Request/Reply

Point-to-point communication Demand-driven communication controlled by client Polling model Location-dependent: Client usually needs to know which server and port to connect to If server fails, substantial special processing usually needed in client to effect a switchover to a new server Most commonly used method today
Client port request Server port
Network
reply
39
TIB-based Request/Reply

Communication driven by client Asynchronous requests and replies, allows other processing to continue at client and server sides Location-independent communication Multiple servers can respond to one request (Broadcast request/reply) Dynamic addition of additional servers Balancing the workload Fail-over behaviour of servers for fault tolerance
Client request Server Server ...

TIB
reply

40
Model-driven Computing
A concept for developing reusable, generic software. Solves a class of problem. Software is tailored by users to meet their specific requirements. Benefits.
Decreased software cost.
re-use of generic components. more tailoring at the user level.
Greater responsiveness to user needs.

enhancements/changes performed by users, administrators. quicker to market.
41
Model Driven Computing
Domain Expert has Idea Changes Model
Is imported Interprets or into Generic Executes Application Model
Model
Generic Application
Factory Model Business Model Business Rules
42
Service Disciplines
TIBCOs middleware comes in different flavors In different service levels
reliable guaranteed transactional
In different service disciplines

publish/subscribe client/server multicast broadcast point-to-point queuing
43
Reliable Publish/Subscribe
Reliable transport Loss detection with transparent retransmission
Publisher Publisher Subscriber
Broadcast and multicast to multiple clients (N of N) Fine-grain filtering of data Ordered delivery
TIB
44
Guaranteed Publish/Subscribe
Guaranteed transport Disk or memory logging automatic recovery Broadcast and multicast to multiple clients (N of N) Fine-grain filtering of data Ordered delivery
TIB Publisher Subscriber
Each guaranteed delivery Subscriber has a unique application name. For each subject name being sent, the Publisher maintains a list of the applications which need to receive those messages. The Publisher dynamically learns of the presence of new subscribers via a transparent TIB discovery protocol.
45
Queued Publish/Subscribe
Multiple publishers and subscribers Exactly one recipient (1 of N) Guaranteed delivery Automatic recovery Load balancing Ordered delivery
TIB Publisher Subscriber Subscriber
46
Transactional Publish/Subscribe
Based on fault tolerant asynchronous message delivery Provides persistent storage of messages Allows publication or consumption as part of data transaction Enables enterprise level scaleability of transactions Operates with or without use of a TP monitor GUI-based administration tool LAN and WAN support
Publisher
The Information Bus (TIB)
RVTX Node
Subscriber
Log
47
WAN: TIB Router
Sender process TIBRouter Process 1 TIBRouter Process 2
TIB1
RVRD RVRD
TIB2
Receiver process
Wide Area Network

TIB5
TIB3
TIB4
other TIBs...
48
Summary: Supporting the TIB Objectives

Objective facilitate data exchange dynamic information modelling self-describing data platform-independence high-level system model model-driven design rapid development environment anonymous data production & consumption subject-based addressing encapsulation dynamic binding TIB Feature distributed application development software evolution & maintenance provide path for systematic integration
49
Enabling the global Event-Driven Enterprise

03 TIB Concepts

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03 TIB Concepts

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TIBCO Active Enterprise

Carmelo Martin Professional Service Group

What is the TIB?

 Publish/Subscribe  Subject Based Addressing  Self Describing Data

subject name 89.3 MHz

Subject Name Hierarchy

AreaCode. Integer 415 TelNum Integer 21392

 Provide incremental and evolutionary migration path  Enable dynamic integration

Introducing the TIB System Model

Current System Environment

TIB System Model

each system needs multiple interfaces

each system has one interface

Introducing the TIB System Model II

TIB: Off-the-shelf Middleware Communications Infrastructure

plug & play of applications

The Information Bus

 Adapters integrate legacy or third-party software

Legacy Application TIB Application TIB Application TIB Application Adapter

3rd-Party Application Adapter non-TIB Application

The Information Bus Physical Network

Adapter TIB TIB

Adapter Replaced Server

TIB Process Architecture

App A TIB API TIB Library

App B TIB API TIB Library

App C TIB API TIB Libary

 Shared memory IPC

 Message batching  Low-level subject functions

 Multicast  Discovery protocols

Event-Driven Interaction: Characteristics

Event-Driven Interaction: Benefits

Applications sit on a river of information Arrival of an expected message triggers an event

Demand-driven Interaction: Characteristics

Demand-driven Interaction: Benefits

Event-driven vs. Demand-driven

TIB Event-driven Publish/Subscribe

AreaCode. Integer 415 TelNum Integer 21392

Point-to-Point Request/Reply Interaction

Broadcast Request/Reply Interaction

Greater responsiveness to user needs.

Model Driven Computing

Domain Expert has Idea Changes Model

Is imported Interprets or into Generic Executes Application Model

Factory Model Business Model Business Rules

 In different service disciplines

The Information Bus (TIB)

WAN: TIB Router

Sender process TIBRouter Process 1 TIBRouter Process 2

Wide Area Network

Summary: Supporting the TIB Objectives

Enabling the global Event-Driven Enterprise

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Publish/Subscribe Subject Based Addressing Self Describing Data

Provide incremental and evolutionary migration path Enable dynamic integration

Adapters integrate legacy or third-party software

Shared memory IPC

Message batching Low-level subject functions

Multicast Discovery protocols

In different service disciplines