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PRESENTATION CONTENTS
What is critical condition?? Types of boilers. Major differences between drum type & once through boilers. Advantages of once through boiler. Effect of advanced cycles on boiler components. Conclusion.
SUPERCRITICAL PARAMETERS
Critical Point Pr = 225.56 kg/cm2 T = 374.15 Deg.C
Supercritical
538 Deg C
Subcritical
Entropy
TYPES OF BOILERS
Drum type OnceOnce-through type
Design Types
NATURAL
STEAM DRUM
CONTROLLED
TO SUPERHEATER
ECON.
ONCE THROUGH
SEPARATOR
Natural circulation - well suited for < 175 kg/cm2 Controlled circulation - optimum solution for reliable high-pressure subcritical operation Once-through technology Suitable for sub and supercritical cycles
ECON.
CIRC. PUMP
DISTRIB. HEADER
Water flowing through water walls gets converted into steam in one circulation. Feed pump provides the driving head Suitable for sub critical & super critical pressures
ONCEONCE-THRU BOILER
Major differences from Drum type boiler :
Evaporator
Formed by a number of parallel tubes Tubes spirally wound around the furnace to reduce number of tubes and to increase the mass flow rate thru the tubes Small tube diameter Arrangement ensures high mass velocity thru the tubes
The excess flow over the onceoncethru flow separated in separator . Recirculated back to the boiler directly by the dedicated circulating pump.
walls
boiler components
Furnace walls
Increased
operating pressure increases the medium temperatures. regenerative feed heating increases the fluid temp entering. furnaces required for NOX reduction, increase SH steam temperature at furnace wall outlet.
Increased
Larger
Superheaters
Tube metal temperatures in
final sections increase with outlet steam temperature. Susceptibility for high temperature corrosion. Susceptibility to steam side oxidation
Higher
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