Autonomic Nervous System

Dr. T. R. Desai Principal R. K. College of Pharmacy Rajkot

Functions of Nervous System

Intelligent functions Memory Thinking Logic Association Decision Routine processes Respiration Blood pressure Body temperature Blood glucose level Heartbeats Digestion process Enzyme secretions

Central Nervous System

Peripheral Nervous System

NERVOUS SYSTEM

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

Intelligent functions
SOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

Body movements

Routine processes
PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

Catabolic

Anabolic

(Head) (Neck) (Chest)

Cranial Cervical Thoracic T1 Thoracic Nerve Lumber Nerve C7 Cranial Nerve

(Abdomen) Lumber

L2 Lumber Vertebra

(Pelvis)

Sacral

T1

L2

Ganglion Preganglionic Nerve

Neuromuscular Junction Postganglionic Nerve

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Autonomic Nervous System

Cranial Nerves Sacral Nerves Cranial Cervical Ach Thoracic Ach C3 C7 C9 C10 S3 S4 S5

(Cranio-sacral N. S.) Parasympathetic

Lumber Ach Sacral Sympathetic NA Thoracic Nerves (Thoraco-lumber N. S.) Lumber Nerves T1 L1 T12 L3

Autonomic Receptors

Adrenergic Alpha1 Alpha2 Beta1 Beta2

Cholinergic Nicotinic Muscarinic

Somatic Nervous System

Somatic Nerve

Ach

Somatic Nervous System Controlled by cerebrum Connected to skeletal muscles Voluntary Initiates the activity in muscle No inherent activity in muscle Single nerve - No ganglion Acetylcholine is the only neurotransmitter

Autonomic Nervous System Controlled by hypothalamus Connected to smooth muscles, heart and exocrine glands Involuntary Only regulates the activity in the organ Inherent activity in organ Two nerves in sequence Many neurotransmitters
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Sympathetic Nervous System Parasympathetic Nervous System Thoracic Nerves Lumber Nerves T1 to T12 L1 to L3 Nerves Nerves C3 C7 C9 C10 S3 S4 S5

Preganglionic nerve fiber is short Postganglionic nerve fiber is long. Ganglion are located near to spinal cord away from organ. Ganglion are located in chain formation near spinal cord. Catabolic in nature. Postganglionic nerve fiber releases noradrenalin.

Preganglionic nerve fiber is long Postganglionic nerve fiber is short. Ganglion are located away from spinal cord near to organ. Ganglion are scattered all over the body. Anabolic in nature. Postganglionic nerve fiber releases Ach.
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Adrenergic transmission
Ca+2 Tyr DOPA Ca+2- ATP E1 DA
NA

Catechol Ortho-Methyl Tranferase (COMT) Mono-Amino Oxidase (MAO)

Tyrosine

MAO

COMT

Uptake1

Uptake2 E1 F1 F2

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Choline Acetylase (CA)

Cholinergic transmission
Ca+2 Choline + A Co A CA Ca+2- ATP Ach + Co A
Ach

(synthesis of Ach)

Choline

Choline Esterase (ChE) (Inactivation of Ach)

Ach + H2O ChE Choline+ Acetic acid

N M

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Brain

Sympathetic Response (Adrenal gland)

Adrenal gland

Noradrenalin

Adrenaline

M C Kidney

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Sympathetic Response (Cardiovascular system)

+ ve inotropic and chronotropic effect (racing of heart and palpitation)

F1

E1
Venoconstriction in skin (Pallor)

F2

Dilatation of blood vessel to skeletal muscle

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Sympathetic Response (G I Tract)

Dryness of mouth Loss of appetite

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Sympathetic Response (Urinary bladder)

Retention of urine

Detrussor muscle (Relaxed) Urinary Sphinctor (contracts)

F2 E1

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Sympathetic Response (Respiratory System)

F2 F2

Relaxation of bronchial muscles Bronchodilation

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Sympathetic Response (Eye)

E1

M
Radial muscle

E1

Circular muscle

Dilatation of pupil (Mydriasis)

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Adrenaline

F2
Glycogen Glucose + O2 E CO2 + H2O ATP

Sympathetic Response (Metabolism and skin)

Rise in body temperature Sweating Raising of hair

Heat (Rise in body temp.)

Erector pilli

E1
Symp.nerve Sweat gland

E1

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Sympathetic Response (Uterus)

F2
Relaxation Trimester3 (Pregnancy)

E1

Contraction Trimester1 Trimester2 Trimster-3

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