Workshop 7

Linear Buckling

Linear Buckling

Workshop 7 - Goals

Workshop Supplement

ANSYS Workbench - Simulation ANSYS Workbench - Simulation - Simulation - Simulation

The goal in this workshop is to verify linear buckling results in ANSYS Workbench. Results will be compared to closed form calculations from a handbook. Next we will apply an expected load of 10,000 lbf to the model and determine its factor of safety. Finally we will verify that the structure will not fail structurally before buckling occurs.

August 26, 2005 Inventory #002266 WS7-2

Linear Buckling

Workshop 7 - Assumptions

Workshop Supplement

The model is a steel pipe that is assumed to be fixed at one end and free at the other with a purely compressive load applied to the free end. Dimensions and properties of the pipe are: OD = 4.5 in ID = 3.5 in. E = 30e6 psi, I = 12.7 in^4, L = 120 in. In this case we assume the pipe conforms to the following handbook formula where P is the critical load:

ANSYS Workbench - Simulation ANSYS Workbench - Simulation - Simulation - Simulation

2 EI P' = K 2 L
For the case of a fixed / free beam the parameter K = 0.25.

August 26, 2005 Inventory #002266 WS7-3

Linear Buckling

. . . Workshop 7 - Assumptions

Workshop Supplement

ANSYS Workbench - Simulation ANSYS Workbench - Simulation - Simulation - Simulation

Using the formula and data from the previous page we can predict the buckling load will be:

2 30e6 12.771 P ' = 0.25 = 65648.3lbf 2 (120)

August 26, 2005 Inventory #002266 WS7-4

Linear Buckling

Workshop 7 - Start Page

From the launcher start Simulation. Choose Geometry > From File . . . and browse to the file Pipe.x_t.

Workshop Supplement

ANSYS Workbench - Simulation ANSYS Workbench - Simulation - Simulation - Simulation

When DS starts, close the Template menu by clicking the X in the corner of the window.

August 26, 2005 Inventory #002266 WS7-5

Linear Buckling

Workshop 7 - Preprocessing
Units > U.S. Customary (in, lbm, psi, F, s).

Workshop Supplement

ANSYS Workbench - Simulation ANSYS Workbench - Simulation - Simulation - Simulation

1. Set the working unit system to the U.S. customary system:

1. To make the material property match that of our hand calculation highlight the Solid branch in the tree:
Details > Material > Edit Structural Steel . . .

2
August 26, 2005 Inventory #002266 WS7-6

Linear Buckling

. . . Workshop 7 - Preprocessing

Workshop Supplement

ANSYS Workbench - Simulation ANSYS Workbench - Simulation - Simulation - Simulation

3. In the field for Youngs Modulus type in the value 3e7.

Note, changing this property on the fly does not effect the stored value for Structural Steel. To save a material for future use we would Export the properties as a new material to the material library. Since we only need the value for this workshop we will not do that in this case.

August 26, 2005 Inventory #002266 WS7-7

Linear Buckling

Workshop 7 - Environment
Fix one end of the pipe: 4. Highlight the Environment branch. 5. Select the surface on one end of the pipe. 6. RMB > Insert > Fixed Support.
4

Workshop Supplement

ANSYS Workbench - Simulation ANSYS Workbench - Simulation - Simulation - Simulation

5 6

August 26, 2005 Inventory #002266 WS7-8

Linear Buckling

. . . Workshop 7 - Environment
Add a unit force to one end of the pipe:
7. Select the surface on the free end of the pipe. 8. RMB > Insert > Force. 9. In the force detail change the Define by field to Components. 10. In the force detail enter 1 in the Magnitude field. 7

Workshop Supplement

ANSYS Workbench - Simulation ANSYS Workbench - Simulation - Simulation - Simulation

9 10

August 26, 2005 Inventory #002266 WS7-9

Linear Buckling

Workshop 7 - Solution
Insert the buckling tool into the solution branch:
11. Highlight the solution branch. 12. RMB > Insert > Buckling.

Workshop Supplement

ANSYS Workbench - Simulation ANSYS Workbench - Simulation - Simulation - Simulation

Solve.

11

12

Notice the default setting for buckling is to find the first buckling mode.

August 26, 2005 Inventory #002266 WS7-10

Linear Buckling

Workshop 7 - Results

13. Highlight the 1st Buckled Mode result object.

Workshop Supplement

ANSYS Workbench - Simulation ANSYS Workbench - Simulation - Simulation - Simulation

When the solution completes review the buckling result.

14. The result detail indicates a Load Multiplier value of 65610. Recall that we applied a unit (1) force thus the result compares well with our closed form calculation of 65648 lbf.

14 13

August 26, 2005 Inventory #002266 WS7-11

Linear Buckling

. . . Workshop 7 - Results
Change the force value to the expected load (10000 lbf).
15. Highlight the Force branch. 16. In the detail field for the Z Component enter 10000. 15

Workshop Supplement

ANSYS Workbench - Simulation ANSYS Workbench - Simulation - Simulation - Simulation

Solve

16

August 26, 2005 Inventory #002266 WS7-12

Linear Buckling

. . . Workshop 7 - Results

Workshop Supplement

ANSYS Workbench - Simulation ANSYS Workbench - Simulation - Simulation - Simulation

When the solution completes note the Load Multiplier field now shows a value of 6.56. Since we now have a real world load applied, the load multiplier is interpreted as the buckling factor of safety for the applied load.

Given that we have already calculated a buckling load of 65610 lbf, the result is obviously trivial (65610 / 10000). It is shown here only for completeness.

August 26, 2005 Inventory #002266 WS7-13

Linear Buckling

Workshop 7 - Verification
A final step in the buckling analysis is added here as a best practices exercise.

Workshop Supplement

ANSYS Workbench - Simulation ANSYS Workbench - Simulation - Simulation - Simulation

We have already predicted the expected buckling load and calculated the factor of safety for our expected load. The results so far ONLY indicate results as they relate to buckling failure. To this point we can say nothing about how our expected load will affect the stresses and deflections in the structure. As a final check we will verify that the expected load (10000 lbf) will not cause excessive stresses or deflections before it is reached.

August 26, 2005 Inventory #002266 WS7-14

Linear Buckling

. . . Workshop 7 - Verification
Highlight the Buckling branch and delete it.
17. RMB > Delete

Workshop Supplement

ANSYS Workbench - Simulation ANSYS Workbench - Simulation - Simulation - Simulation

17

18. RMB > Insert > Stress > Equivalent (von Mises)

18

August 26, 2005 Inventory #002266 WS7-15

Linear Buckling

. . . Workshop 7 - Verification
Insert total deformation:
19. RMB > Insert > Deformation > Total

Workshop Supplement

ANSYS Workbench - Simulation ANSYS Workbench - Simulation - Simulation - Simulation

19

Solve. Note, we deleted the buckling tool because it cannot be combined with other results (stress, deformation, etc.) in the same solution branch. In actual practice, it may be desirable to duplicate the environment branch and modify the duplicate. This would allow you to keep the original buckling results as well as the structural solution.

August 26, 2005 Inventory #002266 WS7-16

Linear Buckling

. . . Workshop 7 - Verification

Workshop Supplement

ANSYS Workbench - Simulation ANSYS Workbench - Simulation - Simulation - Simulation

A quick check of the stress results shows the model as loaded is well within the mechanical limits of the material being used. As stated, this is not a required step in a buckling analysis but should be regarded as good engineering practice.

August 26, 2005 Inventory #002266 WS7-17