Processes of Change

The Social Studies Center http://socialstudies.tea.state.tx.us

Processes of Change
What is this correlation all about? What are the links between geography and history? How can you help students master this material?
Site and Urbanization

Processes of Change
World Geography 18 Culture. (A) Describe the impact of general PROCESSES such as migration, war, trade, independent inventions, and diffusion of ideas and motivations on cultural change World History 1 History. (B) Identify CHANGES that resulted from important turning points in world history such as the development of farming cities; the scientific,industrial, political revolutions; world wars

Strategy
Identify the causes (such as migration, war, trade etc.) and analyze the effects (such as cultural change, the development of agriculture, urbanization etc.) of important turning points in world history.

Processes of Change
Causes and Effects

Interrelationships

Patterns
Where are things?

Processes
What are the forces causing them to be here?

Processes of Change
Causes/Factors
Changes caused by revolutions & wars Factors that contributed to the diffusion of ideas and consequences Processes that affect patterns of urbanization

Underlying Processes

Effects

Geography-History Links
1. 2. 3. 4. Four Questions What was the geographic context? How did it change? How did the geographic context influence and shape events? How did people perceive the world then?

Geographic Context
Human characteristics
Population, ethnicity, age and class structure, religious beliefs, what people ate, housing, who worked and what did they do

Environmental characteristics
Physical characteristics, site, climate, soils, resources

Geographic Context
Human-environment relations
Nature of relations, environment able to support population, ways people altered the environment, resources, natural hazards

Spatial organization
Situation, transportation, linkages to other places, barriers to communication/transport, arrangement & organization of towns

Change
Processes that drive change
Migration, cultural change (diffusion, acculturation, assimilation), colonization, frontier expansion, changes in technology, economic development, population growth, trade
Interrelationships

Patterns

Processes

Context Effects
Every event in history occurred within a geographic context
Environment offers humans a range of opportunities and possibilities Everyday conditions AND extraordinary events

Perception
How did people understand and assess the physical and human characteristics of their world?
Beliefs and attitudes regarding the environment, migration, land use, rights and privileges etc. Perception, not reality, influences decision making Diverse perspectives: competing points of view

Suggested Strategies
Help students to think geographically.
Space, location, & movement matter

Help students to see change.

Visualize change through images & maps

Suggested Strategies
Help students to think geographically.
Space, location, & movement matter

Help students to see change.

Visualize change through images & maps

Help students consider how people saw their world.

Literature, primary documents, newspaper articles, personal accounts