MODELS FOR THE ELASTIC

DEFORMATIONS OF PZT
HONEYCOMB

Mickaël DELAGE
 Table of Contents 
• Introduction 
– Piezoelectricity 
– PZT Honeycomb
• Method
• Models
– Force constants
– Electric field constant 
– Electrical model
– General model  
• Results and discussion
– Constants
– Effect of geometry and electric field on elastic
properties
– Off axis properties
• Conclusion
 Introduction
• Piezoelectricity : definition

piezocera
mic
V= V>
0 0

electrodes
F
piezoelectric effect :
the stretch applied gives a tension
 Introduction
• Piezoelectricity : definition

piezocera
mic
V= V>
0 0

electrodes

Inverse piezoelectric effect :

tension applied gives strain
 Introduction
• Piezoelectricity : properties

Polarising process
 Introduction
• Piezoelectricity : properties

– Piezoelectric constitutive
equation
S = sE ⋅ T + d t E

S Strain tensor s Compliance

( m²/N )
T Stress tensor d Piezoelectric coupling
( N/m² ) ( m/V )
E Electric field
( V/m )
 Introduction
• PZT honeycomb : definition

2
electrodes 2 electrodes
h + l sin θ h + l sin( −θ )
PZT PZT

2l cos θ 2l cos(−θ )
−θ
l θ l

h h

1 1

Hexagonal cell made of PZT Re-entrant cell made of PZT

 Introduction
• PZT honeycomb : properties

– Deformations due to mechanical

loads :
• Flexing of the cell wall
• Stretching of the cell wall
• Hinging of the cell wall junction

– Deformation due to electric field :

• Stretching of the cell wall
 Method
• Models
– Mechanical model
• Force constants
– Electrical model
• Electric field constant
– General model
• Results and discussion
– Constants
– Effect of geometry
– Off axis properties
 Models
• Mechanical model : Force constants

F
Flexure F = K fδ
δ

δ
Stretching F = K sδ F

Hinging F = K hδ δ
∆θ =
l
F
 Models
• Mechanical model : elastic properties

1
E1 =
  2h 
 b cos θ  cos 2 θ cos 2 θ + sin 2 θ 
  + + l 
 h + sin θ  K f Kh Ks 
  
l  

 
 1 1 1 
 − − + 
 h  K f Kh Ks
ν 12 = − sin θ  + sin θ   
l  2h
+ sin 2
θ

 cos θ cos θ
2 2 
 + + l 
 K f Kh Ks 
 Models
• Mechanical model : elastic properties

1
E2 =
 sin θ sin 2 θ cos θ 
2
h
b + sin θ  + +
l 
 K f cos θ K h cos θ K s 

 1 1 1 
cos θ sin θ  + −
K K K s 
ν 21 = −  f h

 sin θ sin 2 θ cos θ 

2
h
 + sin θ  + +
l  K f cos θ K h cos θ K s 
 Models
• Mechanical model : elastic properties

1
G12 =
 bh 2 ( l + 2h ) cos θ 
   +
hb cos θ
+
b ( l cos 2
θ + ( h + l sin θ ) sin θ )  cos θ
 +
sin θ 

 K
 f l 2
( h + l sin θ ) 
 K h l ( h + l sin θ ) K s  h + l sin θ cos θ 
 Models
• Electrical model : electric field
constant
δ
Stretching E = K emδ
E

δ = εl
1
K em =
d 31l
δ = d 31El
 Models
• Electrical model : properties

 2h 
E  sin θ + 
l 
ε1 = 
h/2 K em ( h + l sin θ )
2
l E
E
ε2 =
1 h/2 E K em l

E h + l sin θ
ν 12 = −
 2h 
Quarter of hexagonal cell with applied electric l  sin θ + 
 l 
field
 Models
• General model : elastic properties
1
E1 =
  2h   2h 
 b cos θ  cos 2 θ cos 2 θ + sin θ 
2 E  sin θ + 
  + + l +  l 
h  K f Kh Ks  σ 1 K em ( h + l sin θ )
 + sin θ  
l  

  1 1 1  E  h 

b cos θ sin θ  − − + +   + sin θ 

  K f K h K s  σ 1 .K em l  l 
ν 12 =−
  2h  E  sin θ + 2h  
  cos 2 θ cos 2 θ + sin θ 
2

 l 
b cos θ  + + l + 
  Kf Kh Ks  σ 1 K em l 
   
   
 Models
• General model : elastic properties

1
E2 =
 sin θ sin 2 θ cos θ  E
2
h
b + sin θ  + + +
l  K f cos θ K h cos θ K s  σ 2 K em l

 2h 
E  sin θ + 
 1 1 1   l 
b cos θ sin θ  + − +
K
 f K h K s  σ 2 K em ( h + l sin θ )
ν 21 =−
 sin θ sin 2 θ cos θ  E
2
h
b + sin θ  + + +
l  K f cos θ K h cos θ K s  σ 2 K em l
 Results and discussion
– Constants: conditions

• PZT Young’s modulus : 61 000 MPa

• PZT shear modulus : 21 000 Mpa
• l = b = 0.02 m
• d31 = - 171*10^(-12) m / V
 Results and discussion
– Constants : force constants
 Results and discussion
– Constants : electric field constant
 Results and discussion
– Effect of geometry : electrical model
• conditions :
– h = l for θ > 0 and h = 2l for θ <0
 Results and discussion
– Effect of geometry : general model
• conditions :
– h = l for θ > 0 and h = 2l for θ < 0
– Electric field vary from – 100 000 V / m to 100
000 V / m
– Applied stress vary from 0 Pa from 1000 Pa
E1 V12
 Results and discussion
– Effect of geometry : general model
• conditions :
– h = l for θ > 0 and h = 2l for θ < 0
– Electric field vary from – 100 000 V / m to 100
000 V / m
– Applied stress vary from 0 Pa from 1000 Pa
 Results and discussion
– Off axis properties : general model
• conditions :
– Honeycomb under plane stress condition

1 cos 4 φ 2  1 2υ 21  sin 4 φ

 E  = E + cos φ ⋅ sin φ  G − E  + E
2

φ 1  12 1  2

1 2  2 4υ12 2 1  cos 4 φ + sin 4 φ

 G  = 2 cos φ ⋅ sin φ  E + E + E − G  +
2

φ  1 1 2 12  G12

 ( cos 4 φ + sin 4 φ )υ12 2  1 1 1 

[υ12 ] φ = Eφ  
− cos φ ⋅ sin φ  +
2
− 
 E1  E1 E 2 G12 
 Results and discussion
– Off axis properties : general model
• Exemple of isotropy :
– θ = - 79 degrees and h = 2l

Polar plots for isotropic, re-entrant cell for general

model with all deformation mechanism and with a
negative Poisson’s ratio of - 0,368.
 Conclusion

• Model limitations

• Next steps