Role of Vitamin D in Diabetes and Cardiovascular diseases

By Siddesh Jadhav.

What is Vitamin D?

Vitamin Dis a group of fatsolublesecosteroids, the two major physiologically relevant forms of which are vitamin D2(ergocalciferol) and vitamin D3(cholecalciferol) Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that plays a role in many important body functions. It is best known for working with calcium in your body to help build and maintain strong bones. Vitamin D is also involved in regulating the immune system and cells, where it may help prevent cancer

Effect of Vit D in diabetes

Vitamin D deficiency has been shown to impair insulin synthesis and secretion in humans and in animal models of diabetes, suggesting a role in the development of type 2 diabetes. Population studies find that people who have lower levels of vitamin D are more likely to develop type 2 diabetes than people who have higher levels of vitamin D.

Effect of Vit D in Cardiovascular diseases

People with low levels of vitamin D have a greater risk of developing heart disease, including heart attack, stroke, and heart failure compared to people with higher levels of vitamin D. Low levels of vitamin D may increase the risk of calcium build up in the arteries. Calcium build up is part of the plaque that forms in arteries when you have atherosclerosis and can lead to a heart attack or stroke. q levels of vitamin D were associated with an increased risk ofperipheral artery disease (PAD). Low levels of vitamin D are associated with an increase inhigh blood

Categories of Vitamin D

Absorption
qVitamin D: Well-absorbed in the GI tract in the presence of bile.

Patients with intestinal fat malabsorption, oral administration of vitamin D2 showed low absorption. Patients with severe inflammatory bowel disease had a normal absorption.

Production of Vita.D

Vitamin D3is made in the skin when7dehydrocholesterolreacts withultraviolet light(UVB) atwavelengths between 270 and 300nm, with peak synthesis occurring between 295 and 297nm.These wavelengths are present in sunlight when theUV indexis greater than three and also in the light emitted by the UV lamps intanning beds

Metabolism of Vita.D

Vitamin D3 produced in the epidermis must be metabolized to be active. The first step, 25-hydroxylation, takes place primarily in the liver. However, in order for vitamin D metabolites to achieve maximum biologic activity they must be hydroxylated in the 1 position by the enzyme CYP27B1; 1,25(OH)2D is the most potent metabolite of vitamin D and accounts for most of its biologic actions.

Possible interactions with medications

Atorvastatin (Lipitor) Vitamin D might decrease the amount of atorvastatin (Lipitor) that enters the body. This might decrease how well atorvastatin (Lipitor) works. Aluminum Aluminum is found in most antacids. Vitamin D can increase how much aluminum the body absorbs. This interaction might be a problem for people with kidney disease. Take vitamin D two hours before, or four hours after antacids.

Contd..

Calcium channel blockers -- Vitamin D may interfere with these medications, used to treat high blood pressure and heart conditions.Calcium channel blockers include: Nifedipine (Procardia) Verapamil (Calan) Nicardipine (Cardene) Diltiasem (Cardizem, Dilacor) Amlodipine (Norvasc)

Brands - International

Brand names:Vitamin D3,D3-50, Enfamil D-Vi-Sol,Delta D3 Drug class(es):vitamins Brand names:Caltrate 600 with Iron and Vitamin D Drug class(es):iron products,vitamin and mineral combinations Brand names:Fosamax Plus D Drug class(es):bisphosphonates

Brands - Indian

Calcidif by Ranbaxy Calbone by Lincoln Calcimax by Meyer Calcimax-OP by Meyer Calcimax-SUSP by Meyer Calximax Forte by Meyer

Strength /MRP
Calbone: Vit D3- 250 iu, MRP at Rs 34.31 Calcidif: Vit D3 250iu qCalcimax: Vit D3 200iu, MRP at Rs 47.00 qCalcimax Forte: Vit D3 200iu, MRP at Rs 57.20

Packaging

Mostly Vit D tablets are packed in blister packing Chewable tablets are packed in bottle Suspensions are packed in glass bottles.