UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,

PUNJABI UNIVERSITY, PATIALA. PRESENTATION ON WIRELESS POWER TRANSMISSION

WIRELESS POWER TRANSMISSION

WHAT IS WIRELESS POWER TRANSMISSION



Wireless energy transfer or wireless power transmission is the process that takes place in any system where electrical energy is transmitted from a power source to an electrical load without interconnecting wires. Wireless transmission is useful in cases where instantaneous or continuous energy transfer is needed, but interconnecting wires are inconvenient, hazardous, or impossible. impossible.

HISTORY


The earliest work in the area of wireless transmission via radio waves was performed by Thomas Edison in 1875.Later, Guglielmo Marconi worked with a modified form of Edisons transmitter. Niklo Tesla also worked on the radio transmission and reception. Japanese researcher Hidetsugu Yagi also investigated wireless energy transmission

Using a directional array antenna . Wireless Power transmission using microwaves have been performed at Goldstone in California in 1975 and more recenly (1997) at Grand bassin on Reunion Island. First aircraft worked with Laser beam built by NASA at NASA Marshall space flight center.

TECHNOLOGY USED FOR TRANSMISSION

ELECTRODYNAMIC INDUCTION MICROWAVE LASERS

INDUCTION TECHNIQUE
 

USED FOR SHORT DISTANCE TRANSMISSION RECEIVER MUST BE CLOSE TO TRANSMITTER

IN INDUCTION PROCESS
Inductive coupling involves the use of magnetic fields to stimulate the movement of current through a wire. A current moving through a wire generates a magnetic field around it and vice versa. Thus, to generate a current through a wire, there needs to be a constantly changing magnetic field. A current could also be induced in the wire by placing a second coil of wire within the magnetic field created by the first one. Thus, if the wire is formed into a coil, the magnetic field it produces is amplified by several degrees, making the magnetic field a lot bigger than if the electric wire was straight. The magnetic field could be further increased by using an electric wire not just to form a coil but to form a loop. The more loops there are, the greater the magnetic field will become.

LIVE EXAMPLES
An electric toothbrush recharges through three simple steps. First, a current from the wall outlet is directed into the charger and into the base coil via an electric wire. When the current flows through the base coil, the coil generates a magnetic field which in turn induces a current to flow to the coil in the toothbrush handle. This charges the toothbrush battery. This is the same power transmission principle that is also used for other products such as the recharging mat and the Powerdesk. These products have built-in coils capable of inducing current flow in the coils of nearby devices that have compatible coils and the circuitry needed for power transfer

EXAMPLES
  

CONTACTLESS SMART CARDS RECHARGE LAPTOPS CELL PHONES

TRANSMISSION USING MICROWAVE

USED FOR LONG DISTANCE TRANSMISSION(SPACE SATELLITES)

SOLAR POWER SATELLITE SYSTEM

BASIC MICROWAVE TRANSMISSION

MICROWAVE TRANSMITTER BLOCK DIAGRAM

TRANSMISSION OVERVIEW
Transmitting Side:
AC Power Outlet Power Conversion Microwave Transmitter

This is the AC power supply

This converts the AC power to a microwave power signal

This transmits the microwave power signal

MICROWAVE RECEIVER BLOCK DIAGRAM

RECEPTION OVERVIEW
Receiving Side:
Rectenna Power Conversion Power Regulator Remote Device

This converts the microwave power signal to DC power signal

This regulates DC voltage level

Remote Device uses this DC power the same way it uses a battery

SHOWS ACTUAL RECEIVING OF MICROWAVE SIGNAL FROM SATELITE

MORE IMAGES OF LONG DIAMETRE OF ANTENNA ON EARTH

WIRELESS TRANSMISSION

From the Satellite



Solar power from the satellite is sent to Earth using a microwave transmitter Received at a rectenna located on Earth Recent developments suggest that power could be sent to Earth using a laser

DISADVANTAGES OF MICROWAVE TRANSMISSION

SIZE OF ANTENNA BECOMES VERY LARGE FOR POWER BEAMING

FOR TRANSMITTING ANTENNA DIAMETRE (nearly 1-KM) 1FOR RECEIVING ANTENNA DIAMETRE(minimum 1KM) 1KM)

BELOW DIAGRAM SHOWS RECEIVING ANTENNA ON EARTH STATION

TABLE SHOWS THE REQUIREMENT FOR MICROWAVE TRANSMISSION



AS THE FREQUENCY INCREASES THE REQUIREMENT FOR TRANSMISSION ALSO INCREASES

TRANSMISSION USING LASER

USED FOR LONG DISTANCE TRANSMISSION

EFFICIENT TRANSFER OF POWER

MICROWAVE vs. LASER TRANSMISSION

MICROWAVE
1.More developed 2.High efficiency up to 85% 3.Cause interference with satellite communication industry

LASER
1. Recently developed solid state lasers allow efficient transfer of power 2. Range of 10% to 20% efficiency within a few

years
3. Conform to limits on eye and skin damage

OPTICAL TRANSMISSION


IN OPTICAL TRANSMISSION ELECTRICAL SIGNAL IS TRANSMITTED IN OPTICAL SOURCE USING LASER AND THIS SIGNAL CAN BE USED TO OPERATE ANY SPACE SATELLITES, SPACE SHIP, AIRCRAFT AND THE DEVICE IS FUNCTIONING WITHOUT ANY FUEL OR BATTERY SOURCE

LASER ENERGY DRIVEN KITE PLANE

The laser energy transmission technology is also applied to the small aircraft for the surveillance of damaged areas and for the communication relay station at natural disaster such as flood, earthquake, volcano eruption

BASIC OPTICAL TRANSMITTER

BASIC OPTICAL RECEIVER

AIRCRAFT POWERED BY LASER BEAM



LASER BEAM CENTERED ON ITS PANEL OF PHOTO VOLTAIC CELLS

LASER BEAM TECHNOLOGY



WITH LASER BEAM TECHNOLOGY IT REDUCES THE RISK OF DAMAGING THE AIR CRAFT , SPACE SHIPS AS NO FUEL IS USED INSTEAD LASER BEAM IS DIRECTED TO THESE EQUIPMENTS FOR OPERATING INTERNAL ENGINES AND OTHER SYSTEMS AS ABOVE TECHNOLOGY REMOVES THE BLASTING RISKS SINCE NO FUEL OR PROPELLENT IS USED AND ALL THE ENERGY IS PROVIDED BY LASER ENERGY GIVEN TO DEVICES FROM BASE STATION WITH SHARP BEAM DIRECTED TO DEVICES REDUCES THE OVERALL WEIGHT OF AIRCRAFT(NO FUEL WEIGHT) THUS INCREASES THE SAFER LANDING OF SPACE CRAFTS, KITE PLANES, AIRCRAFTS

ADVANTAGES


collimated monochromatic wavefront propagation allows narrow beam cross-section area for energy crosstransmission over large ranges. compact size of solid state lasers-photovoltaics laserssemiconductor diodes allows ease of integration into products with small form factors. ability to operate with zero radio-frequency radiointerference to existing communication devices i.e. wiwi-fi and cell phones. phones. control of Wireless Energy Access, instead of omnidirectional transfer where there can be no authentication

DRAWBACKS


 

Conversion to light, such as with a laser, is moderately inefficient (although quantam cascade lasers improve this) Conversion back into electricity is moderately inefficient, with photovoltaic cells achieving 40%40%50% efficiency. (Note that conversion efficiency is rather higher with monochromatic light than with insolation of solar panels). Atmospheric absorption causes losses. As with microwave beaming, this method requires a direct line of sight with the target.

THANKS

PREPARED BY:

    

RAMANPREET KAUR M.TECH(FIRST SEMESTER, JULY-2009) JULYELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ROLL NO: BATCH (2009)