CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION TO STATICS

OBJECTIVES
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. DESCRIBE THE FUNCTION AND USAGE OF STATICS DEMONSTRATE KNOWLEDGE OF BASIC GEOMETRY SOLVE FOR UNKNOWN ANGLES USING TRIGONOMETRY SOLVE FOR UNKNOWN ANGLES USING PYTHAGOREAN THEOREM SOLVE FOR UNKNOWN ANGLES USING SIMILAR TRIANGLES THEOREM DISTINGUISH SIGNIFICANT DIGITS IN A NUMBER DEMONSTRATE ABILITY TO ROUND NUMBERS DEMONSTRATE ABILITY TO PERFORM UNIT CONVERSIONS CALCULATE FORCE AND WEIGHT

the study of force, deformation and motion, and the relations between them.

The general mechanics problem:

Given some information about the properties, forces, deformations, and motions of a mechanical system, make useful predictions about other aspects of its properties, forces, deformations, and motions.

STATICS the science of determining the forces and force systems acting on RIGID bodies

The Skywalk
Hualapai Indian Reservation outside of Las Vegas

160 FT LONG, 72 FT HIGH SUSPENDED 90 FT IN THE AIR WEIGHING IN AT 600 TONS (1,200,000 POUNDS)

STATICS MATH ERROR

www.youtube.com/watch?v=4OOg7vL3rNY&feature=related

CHICAGO 2003 12 PEOPLE KILLED 30 PEOPLE SERIOUSLY HURT

I. ANGLES AND LINES

1. A straight line has 180 degrees on each side

2. If 2 lines (or more ) lines are parallel to the same line, they are perpendicular to each other. 3. Intersecting lines create 2 pairs of opposite and equal angles 4. Intersecting lines create a common vertex for 4 angles, the sum of which is 360
g 1 =g 3 g 2=g4 <1+<2+<3+<4 =3600

4. When 2 lines intersected by a third line: - equal pairs of alternate interior angles are formed - equal pairs of alternate exterior angles are formed - equal pairs of interior and exterior corresponding angles are formed <3=<6 <4=<5 <1=<8 <2=<7 <1=<5 <2=<6 <3=<7 <4=<8 II. TRIANGLES 5. Are three sided figures containing 3 angles that add up to 180 degrees. 6. Right Triangle -Contains one 90 degree angle -the sum of remaining 2 angles = 90 degrees

7. Isosceles Triangle -contains two sides of equal length -angles opposite the equal sides are also equal -the altitude divide the triangle into two congruent triangles

8. Equilateral Triangle -Contains three equal sides -The three angles are equal and measure 60 degrees

9. Similar Triangles Angle-Angle rule If 2 angles of 1 triangle are equal to 2 angles of another triangle they are similar 6
350

9
280

2
350

S
280

6=9 2 S

Side Angle Side rule If the angle of one triangle is the same as the angle of Another triangle AND the sides containing these angles have the same ratio, the Triangles are similar. 4 350 10 35 5 6 S 4=6 2 S

ALL OF THESE TRIANGLES ARE SIMILAR!

common applications

ONLY WORKS FOR RIGHT TRIANGLES

3-4-5 TRIANGLES

52=32+42
Any triangle that has these proportions must be a right triangle by Pythagorean Theorem

6-8-10 9-12-15 12-16-20 15-20-25

OPPOSITE

ADJACENT

SIN

HYPOTENUSE

COS

HYPOTENUSE

OPPOSITE

TAN

ADJACENT

OR

LAW OF SINES

LAW OF COSINES

OTHER USEFUL TRIG TRIVIA

sin corresponds to x axis cos corresponds to y axis THEREFORE If x is positive, cosine is positive. If x is negative, cosine is negative. If y is positive, sine is positive. If y is negative, sine is negative.

Angle sin cos 0o 90o 180o 270o 0 1 0 -1 1 0 -1 0

Systems of Linear Equations

y = 3x 2 y = x 6

STEP 1

Solve one equation to isolate one variable by itself, in this case the Y is already done for us. y=3x-2 STEP 2 Substitute into the second equation, so that there will only be 1 type of variable in it 3x 2 = x 6 STEP 3 Solve for the unknown x=1 STEP 4 Substitute that value back into the first equation to solve for the other unknown variable y=3(1) 2 = 1

OUTPUT CANNOT BE MORE ACCURATE THAN INPUT 58 = 8.285714286 7 1)ALL non-zero numbers (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9) are ALWAYS significant. 2)ALL zeroes between non-zero numbers are ALWAYS significant. 3) ALL zeroes which are SIMULTANEOUSLY to the right of the decimal point AND at the end of the number are ALWAYS significant. 4) ALL zeroes which are to the left of a written decimal point and are in a number >= 10 are ALWAYS significant.

MATHEMATICS OF MEASUREMENT ADDITION/SUBTRACTION

units are handled mathematically just like variables! 10ft + 5ft = 15ft 18in -10in =8 in

only like units may be added or subtracted

30 in + 5 ft - 3m

MULTIPLICATION
multiply 3 x 3 TO MULTIPLY 3ft x 3ft = ? multiply 1ft x 1ft 6in x 3in x 2in = 6 x 3 x 2 in x in x in =

= 9 ft2

36 in3

what about the like units rule? 1ft x 5 lb = 5 ft-lb

DIVISION
10 ft 2 ft =
1. 10 2 = 5 2. ft ft =

ft =1 ft

=5

25 ft2 5 ft

1. 25 5 = 5 2. ft2 ft =

ft ft ft = = ft ft ft
2

= 5ft

and, once again, unlike units? 50 lb .25 in2 = 200 lb/in2 200 miles 3.5 hrs = 55 miles/hr

UNITY FRACTIONS 1 yd = 3 ft

15 yd X

1 yd or 3 ft 3 ft 1yd 3 ft 15 ft 1yd

1yd 3 ft

1ft 1 ft2 = 144 in2 1ft

12 in

12 in

1 ft(12 in)

1 ft(12 in)

1 ft3 = 1078 in3

ft ( 12

in )

1 ft = 1.37 ft 197in 144in

2 2 2

UNITS OF FORCE
POUND (LB) KILOPOUND (KIP) = 1,000 LB NEWTON (N) KILONEWTON (Kn) = 1,000 N

FORCE AND WEIGHT ARE USED INTERCHANGEABLY F= ma F=force m=mass a=acceleration W=weight m=mass g=acceleration due to gravity (32.2 ft/sec2 or 9.81 m/sec2

W = mg

SI PREFIXES

1,000,000,000 bytes = 1,000,000 kilobytes = 1,000 megabytes = 1 gigabyte