Mechanisms

GEARS

Mechanisms Introduction

GEARS

A gear is a circular wheel with a number of teeth around the circumference.

Gears provide a gear reduction in motorized equipment

Gears adjust the direction of rotation Gears may be combined in different ways for controlling speed, increasing torque or changing the direction of motion.

Mechanisms Common types of gear

GEARS

Spur Gears

Spur gears have straight teeth, and are mounted on parallel shafts Spur gears are used at once to create very large gear reductions.

Mechanisms Common types of gear

GEARS

Bevel Gears

Bevel gears are useful when the direction of a shaft's rotation needs to be changed Bevel Gears are mounted on shafts that are 90 degrees apart, but can be designed to work at other angles as well. The teeth on bevel gears can be straight, spiral or hypoid.

Mechanisms Common types of gear

GEARS

Worm Gears

Worm gears are used when large gear reductions are needed.
The worm can easily turn the gear, but the gear cannot turn the worm.

Mechanisms Gear Basic

GEARS

Driven Gear

Driver Gear Driver Gear

Idler Gear

Driven Gear

Two spur gears meshing together turn in opposite directions, converting a clockwise rotation into an anticlockwise rotation. An idler gear between the two allows rotation of the driver and driven gears to be in the same direction.

Mechanisms Gear Train

GEARS

A gear train, formed by several spur gears meshing together, can dramatically increase or decrease the speed or torque in a system. When the driven gear rotates more slowly than the driver gear, the output torque is increased.

Mechanisms Gear Basic

GEARS

High torque low speed

Driven Gear

Driver Gear

Low torque high speed If the spur gears are of different sizes, one gear turns faster than the other. Motor is attached to the driver gear only.

Mechanisms Velocity Ratio

GEARS

Driven Gear

Driver Gear

Velocity Ration (VR) is the difference in the gears speed.

VR = No of teeth on driven gear No of teeth on driver gear.

Mechanisms Gear Ratio

GEARS

Calculation
Calculate the velocity ratio (VR) of the simple gear set
Working:
Driver gear 40 teeth Driven gear 10 teeth

VR = No of teeth on driven gear No of teeth on driver gear. VR = 10 / 40 = 1/4

Driven gear will turn 4 rounds when driver gear turned 1 round

Mechanisms Gear Ratio

GEARS

Calculation
Calculate the velocity ratio (VR) of the simple gear set. If the input speed is 250 rpm, what is the output speed?
Working:
Driver gear (Input Speed) 40 teeth Driven gear (Output Speed) 10 teeth

VR = No of teeth on driven gear No of teeth on driver gear. VR = 10 / 40 = 1/4

Input speed Output speed

= No of teeth on driven gear

No of teeth on driver gear.

250

=1

Output peed

Output speed = 250 * 4 = 1000 rpm

rpm = revolution per minute