ACCENTRE

HAPPY INDEPENDENCE DAY

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Infrastructure
Infrastructure is the basic physical and organizational structure needed for the operation of the society or an enterprise, or the services and facilities necessary for an economy to function.

Introduction
India's development most prominent in the world economy Improvement of infrastructure is the key to enhance India's growth

RAIL TRANSPORT (INFRASTRUCTURE)

Indias rail network is the 4th largest rail network in the world (64215 route KMs network). Transports over 18 million passengers &2 million tons of freight per day & is one of the worlds largest employer. Enormous growth of assets, locomotives, coach stock & traffic(freight & passengers).

ROAD TRANSPORT (INFRASTRUCTURE)

India has the 2nd largest road network in the world(3.314 million KMs). Road network consists of Expressways, National & State highways, District and Village roads. As per National Highways Authority of India, about 65% of freight & 80% of passenger traffic is carried by the roads.

AIR TRANSPORT (INFRASTRUCTURE) There are more than 335 civilian airports, 20 international airports, 30 heliports in the Republic of India. $9 billion investment to upgrade airports. The passenger traffic has grown tremendously during the last five years. Air Cargo Traffic to cross 3.3 million tons by 2010

WATER & SEA TRANSPORT (INFRASTRUTURE)

Maritime transportation in India has a fleet of 79 ships. There are 12 major ports and 87 minor ports. 95% of Indias exports and imports are moved by sea. Investment needed in the next 5 years is $18 billion.

Urban transport trends in India and china

India
Income per capital Still lacks behind compared to china Land use and urban growth Unplanned haphazard suburban sprawl new highway projects Public transport inferior to china government transport investment Limited government funding

China
Capital income has been 50% higher than India. Chinese cities well planned and fairly compact Urban roadways and public transport far superior in china Huge amount of investment in urban development and transport

Road and rail

In India the roads are not well connected due to haphazard planning whereas in china there are better connected roads The road speed limit of buses in India is 56 km/h due to bad condition of roads. Rural connectivity of rail is a failure Lack of urban railway development as compared to china. Eg. Bullet trains in china

CHALLENGES

Indias roads are congested and of poor quality Rural areas have poor access The railways are facing severe capacity constraints

CHALLENGES
Urban Centre's are severely congested Ports are congested and inefficient Airport infrastructure is strained

Failures of India Infrastructure

Cost Supply is not increasing as quickly as demand Population

COST

India has faced a fuel price rise, In October 1999 the cost per liter was increased by Rs. 3.98, from Rs. 11.62 to Rs. 15.60. Since then the price of diesel in India has nearly tripled. It should come as no surprise that such consistent price rises have taking action in 2003, 2008, 2009 and last year. The main reason behind the decision of the central government was to cover the losses of private oil companies which are currently running 30 per cent of Indias retail fuel business.

In this country Highways/ Roads are being exploited. Expenditure in terms of road revenue generated is about 35%, while is USA, JAPAN, Germany is 96%, 98%, 82% respectively, similar trend is in UK and Australia.

Supply is not increasing as quickly as demand

Despite improvements in some areas such as roads in the Golden Quadrilateral supply has not kept pace with the accelerating demand. Transportation supply is the result of two key factors: 1. The efficient and timely creation of new transportation assets (e.g., a 4-lane highway, a new port terminal, a metro system). 2. The efficient operation of existing assets to maximize effective capacity and minimize the cost of operation.

In India, supply has not kept pace with demand.

POPULATION
The population of India is as diverse as they come but while India encompasses just 2.4 percent of the worlds land area, it holds more than 15 percent of the global population. Only China supports a bigger population. Due to increase in population, The vehicular pollution has also increased and it accounts for a considerable share of vehicular pollution in India As the world population has grown 80% since 1950, the demand for infrastructure and public utilities has largely increased, putting pressure on governments, infrastructure assets and resources. Up to 2015 traffic is expected raise by 15% per year Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY) has been launched recently with the primary objective of providing connectivity, the objective is to connect habitations with the population.

GOLDEN QUADRILATERAL
NATIONAL HIGHWAYS DEVELOPMENT PROJECT Under NHAI Act 1988 Connects Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai and Kolkata forming quadrilateral of sorts Four lane highways would be converted to six lane highways Better and Faster transport networks between many major cities and ports Only National Highways are used in the Golden Quadrilateral. The four legs use the following National Highways: Delhi Kolkata: NH 2 Delhi Mumbai: NH 8 (Delhi Kishangarh), NH 79A (Ajmer bypass), NH 79 ( Nasirabad Chittaurgarh), NH 76 (Chittaurgarh Udaipur), NH 8(Udaipur Mumbai) Mumbai Chennai: NH 4 (Mumbai Bangalore), NH 7 (Bangalore Krishnagiri), NH 46 (Krishnagiri Ranipet), NH 4 (Ranipet Chennai) Kolkata Chennai: NH 6 (Kolkata Kharagpur), NH 60 (Kharagpur Balasore), NH 5 (Balasore Chennai)

Incorporated in October 2006 under Indian Companies Act 1956 Once completed, the DFCC will improve the customer orientation and meet market needs more effectively MAIN MOTIVES To build a corridor with appropriate technology. To provide complete transport solution to customers Supporting Ecological Sustainability by becoming Environment friendly.

Dedicated Freight Corridor Corporation of India Speed & Success Sincerity,

CONCLUSION:CASE STUDY
Task Force on INTEGRATEDTRANSPORT POLICY- Ministry of Road Transport & Highways, Government of India RESULTS:
The major modes of transport have witnessed an impressive growth. The quality of transport infrastructure and services is required to be improved in terms of spread and capacity.

RAILWAYS
Focus on technology upgradation and modernization. Technologically, reduce speed differentials between freight and passenger services. Organizationally split the existing six manufacturing units into independent profit and cost centers. Focus on creation of rail hubs with sufficient warehousing capacity to accelerate the programme of containerization. Enlarge the scope of private sector participation gradually in acquiring rolling stock through innovative leasing schemes. Set up an independent regulatory authority for fixation of taxes and freights.

 Higher priority to be given to removal of existing deficiencies in the road network.

HIGHWAY TRANSPORT

Ports and industrial centers to be served through spur connection.

Develop Asian High Network in order to exploit trade and other possibilities with neighbouring countries.

Reduce octroi and sales tax barriers to facilitate flow of road transport.

CIVIL AVIATIONairports to worldModernization and upgradation of all international

class standards.

Take into account the cost of infrastructure while pricing the air transport services. Serve the short haul routes covering distances of up to 250-300 kms. by other modes of transport like Railways and highways for optimizing the use of scarce energy resources. In order to mitigate problem of noise pollution during nighttime, discourage night landings of aircraft through levy of higher landing charges during nighttime. Corporatize organizational structure to enable entry of private sector, both in green field airports and existing airport operation.