Biometrics and Authentication

Mohit Mittal

Contents
Authentication Types of authentication Biometric authentication Process of Biometric authentication Biometric products Various Manufacturers Conclusion

What is authentication?
Authentication is the process of verifying that a user requesting a network or resource, is who (he/she) or it claims to be, and vice versa.

Authentication Methods
Conventional authentication methods
something that you have something that you know

Biometric authentication methods

something that you are

What is Biometric?
A biometric is a physiological or behavioral characteristic of a human being that can distinguish one person from another and that theoretically can be used for identification or verification of identity.

Why Biometrics?
Identity thefts Something you know can't be stolen Predicted or hacked Reliability on manual verification

Application Categories
Biometric applications available today are categorized into 2 sectors
Psychological: Iris, Fingerprints, Hand, Retinal and Face recognition Behavioral: Voice, Typing pattern, Signature

Enrollment: Present Biometrics Capture Process Store Match

Verification:
Present Biometrics Capture Process

Compare

No Match

Biometric products
Fingerprint recognition Face recognition Iris recognition Retinal recognition Hand geometry measurement Dynamic signature verification Typing pattern

Fingerprint Recognition
identify minutia Enclosure
Ridge ending Island Bifurcation

Disadvantages
Racial issues Dirt , grime and wounds Placement of finger Too big a database to process Can be spoofed liveness important!

Hand Geometry
Geometry of users hands More reliable than fingerprinting Balance in performance and usability

Disadvantage

Very large scanners

Retinal Scanning
Scans retina into database User looks straight into retinal reader Scan using low intensity light Very efficient cant be spoofed!

Disadvantages
User has to look directly FTE ratio high in this biometric Acceptability concerns
Light exposure Hygiene

Iris Scanner
Scans unique pattern of iris Iris is colored and visible from far No touch required Overcomes retinal scanner issues Contact lenses an issue?

Face recognition
User faces camera Neutral expression required Apt lighting and position Algorithms for processing Decision

Issues
Identification across expression FRR or FAR fluctuate Easily spoofed Tougher usability High Environmental impact

Voice Recognition
Speech input
Frequency Duration Cadence

Neutral tone User friendly

Disadvantages
Local acoustics Background noise Device quality Illness , emotional behavior Time consuming enrollment Large processing template

Signature Recognition
Signature measures (dynamic)
Speed Velocity Pressure Captures images (static) High user acceptance

Issues
Signature variable with
Age, illness, emotions Requires high quality hardware High FRR as signatures are very dynamic

Typing Patterns
User typing pattern
Speed Press and Release Rate Unique patterns are generated comparisons

Issues
Not very scalable FRR is high Can be spoofed by simple technology (recorders)

Which biometric method / product is best?

Depends on the application
reliability security performance cost user acceptance life detection users that are unsuitable size of sensor

Conclusions

Biometric technology has great potential There are many biometric products around, regarding the different biometric technologies Shortcomings of biometric systems

Your questions are welcome!

Thank You!!