PENILAIAN MENENGAH RENDAH TAHUN 2011

TEKNIK MENJAWAB SOALAN PMR KERTAS 2

DISEDIAKAN OLEH : NOOR AZEAN BT MOHAMED

SECTION A
GUIDED WRITING

TYPES OF COMPOSITIONS
SPEECHES

REPORTS
LETTERS DIALOGUES

EXPRESSING OPINIONS
NARRATIVES FACTUAL TEXTS

DESCRIPTIVE WRITINGS
PROCESS AND PROCEDURES

TYPES OF STIMULUS
SHORT NOTES

PICTURES
DIALOGUES POSTERS

LETTERS
MAPS ADVERTISEMENTS

REPORTS
GRAPHIC MATERIALS

EXAM INFO

Writing is tested in Paper 2. Students are given 1 hour 30 minutes to answer the questions. There are three sections to answer. Section A is guided writing. Section B is a summary question, and Section C is the literature component.

The marks awarded for each section are as follows :

Section A-30 marks Section B-10 marks Section C-10 marks

SMART TIPS
Read the question carefully and identify the task. Use all the information given to your composition. Plan your composition by writing out a brief outline first. Use a variety of sentence structures.

SIMPLE SENTENCE COMPOUND SENTENCE COMPLEX SENTENCE

Use words you are familiar with. Write what you feel. Do not write to impress. Plan your time well with enough time left over to edit your composition. Look at some good models of writing. Study how sentences are arranged in a logical manner in a paragraph.

Points to remember when expanding short notes

Read the notes carefully to understand the story. Expand the notes into correct grammatical sentences. Check that the sequence of events in the story is in the correct order. Add details speech wherever appropriate.

Add details and extra information. Give names for the characters in the story and describe them. State the name, day and place where the event took place. Describe the actions in the story vividly. Organize your story into paragraphs. Add a suitable conclusion for your story where appropriate.

WHAT TO ADD

Articles e.g. a, an, the, etc. Helping verbs e.g. is, are, was, were, etc. Pronouns e.g. I, he, she, they, etc. Possessive pronouns e.g. my, his, her, their, etc.

Sentence connectors e.g. and, but, so, because, etc.

Useful verbs e.g. started, decided, tried, wanted, began, etc.

Words to describe feelings e.g. happy, sad, disappointed, surprised, etc. Words to describe people and manner e.g. kind hearted, annoying, shiftyeyed, patient, stealthily, reckless, etc.

Prepositions e.g. to, in, about, through, by, on, etc.

Sequence connectors e.g. Then, After that, Later, Soon, One day, Next, etc.

Direct speech e.g. Thank goodness youre here! she exclaimed. Look out! Theres a car coming! he shouted.

TECHNIQUES OF ELABORATION
Use

WH Questions where, what, why, how, when, who, etc Use direct speech. Use idioms, proverbs and other expressions. Use of sentence connectors : Logical and Sequence Connectors

SECTION B

SUMMARY

INTRODUCTION TO SUMMARY
Before you summarize, you need

to read the text given. When you read, it requires you to understand the structure of paragraphs in reading texts, which involves the skills of identifying the subject, the main idea, and the supporting details.

WHAT IS A SUBJECT?

A paragraph contains a group

of sentences that explain one central idea, which is called the subject or topic. You can find the subject by asking yourself who or what the whole paragraph is about.

WHAT IS A MAIN IDEA?

Every paragraph should have a

main idea, or a central point. The main idea is usually a complete sentence. To find the main idea, ask yourself what the subject is and what the author is saying about the subject.

FINDING THE MAIN IDEA

A main idea can be found in the first sentence

of a paragraph, but it can sometimes be found in the middle or at the end. Implied Main Idea In some paragraphs, the main idea is implied rather than stated. You will have to read between the lines to infer (reason out) the main idea. To do this, look at the supporting details and try to think of a statement that they all point to. This statement is the implied idea.

WHAT ARE SUPPORTING DETAILS?

A paragraph should have details that support the

main idea. The supporting details explain, clarify, or justify the main idea. Supporting details can be reasons, facts, examples or testimony. The main idea which is supported by facts includes numbers, scientific laws, historical information, and so forth. Sometimes, an author uses one or more examples, or samples, to support the main idea. Phrases such as for example or for instance may be used to signal that examples will be given. To give testimony means to give opinions or findings of people other than the author as support for the main idea.

Note :
In any selection of the text you read, certain points are more important than others. Understanding why one point is more important than another will help you understand the authors meaning. One way to see the relationships among ideas in a paragraph is to outline the main idea and the supporting details. In summary, differentiating between the main idea and the supporting details is a skill that a learner should require as it is important for him to write what is only related to the question given.

UNDERSTAND THESE WORDS

list, state, name features,

,arrange, narrate steps, ways, procedures, measures, process, rules causes, reasons, factors, problems effects, results of advantages, benefits, good, useful, likes disadvantages, bad, dislikes

characteristics, types, methods events attractions, places , spots activities how to overcome , solve , plan , make, celebrate how the incident, disease,

UNDERSTAND THESE WORDS

work scene experience importance / contributions favourite purpose, aim, goal,

significance conditions

objective prevent, avoid To overcome, to rectify, to solve, to deal with, to address

USE THESE CONNECTORS

firstly, secondly first, second and , also, too, as well as next, then, after that, before that, later Neithernor Either or besides, apart from that, furthermore,

moreover, In addition another, other consequently, as a result, subsequently, Therefore, Thus, Hence

SECTION C
LITERATURE

MUST READ
PLOT / STORYLINE / IMPORTANT

EVENTS / SIGNIFICANT EVENTS CHARACTERS (PROTAGONIST & ANTAGONIST) THEMES (AT LEAST 2 THEMES) MORAL VALUES / MESSAGES / LESSONS LEARNT (AT LEAST 2 MORAL VALUES) SETTINGS

ANSWERING TIPS
READ THE BOOK! DO NOT SIMPLY GUESS

LEARN ON ALL THE CHARACTERS AND

UNDERSTAND THEM ALWAYS RELATE YOUR ANSWER WITH THE CHARACTERS OR EVENTS IN THE NOVEL. READ THE QUESTION WELL. (e.g: THEME or THEMES, MORAL VALUE or MORAL VALUES) ALWAYS BEGIN YOUR ANSWER WITH THE NOVEL YOU HAVE CHOSEN.

LEARN ALL THE KEY WORDS

RUDOLF

RASSENDYLL AN ATTACHE AMBASSADOR RURITANIA STRELSAU ZENDA KING RUDOLF V KIDNAPPED IMPERSONATE SAPT AND FRITZ

CORONATION DUKE MICHAEL THRONE PRINCESS FLAVIA OLD TOWN

NEW TOWN
FAMOUS SIX RUPERT OF

HENTZAU ANTOINETTE DE MAUBAN

LEARN ALL THE KEY WORDS

LOVE HONOUR DUTY / HONOUR BEFORE

RESPONSIBILITY SACRIFICE LOYALTY DETERMINATION BRAVE / COURAGEOUS GREED DANGERS

LOVE ZENDA CASTLE HEARTBROKEN JEALOUSY / ENVY RESCUE BETRAY AFFAIR IMPROSONED CIVIL WAR

THANK YOU

ALL THE BEST