EMERGENCY

MUMBAI TERROR ATTACKS AN APPLICATION TO SINGAPORE

Rationale & Objectives

Derive learning points from Mumbai attacks

Improve counter-terrorism strategies

Help Singapore keep up with developments of

terrorism
Reduce possibility of terrorist attack in Singapore

Mumbai Attacks
26-29 November 2008 Members of Lashkar-e-Taiba Large scale coordinated attacks

Features
Lack of government preparedness & organisation
- Inaccurate dissemination of information - Poor intelligence coordination - Poor protection for important personnel - Lack of media management

Features
Lax customs control Low vigilance Hotel mismanagement

Effects & Lessons Learnt

Effects Lessons learnt

Increased border security Having an integrated central body

Increase frequency of coastal patrol. Government respond with appropriate level of efficiency and effectiveness. Train counter-terrorism agencies to deal with new kinds of attacks, operating as a single integrated force. Establish a central command and control system.

Effects & Lessons Learnt

Effects Lessons learnt

Improved media

management

of Legislate the media, impose

regulations.

Strained diplomatic relations

Improve information-sharing and cross-country collaboration.

Use international sanctions to pressurise terrorist-harboring regimes.

Reactions of Indian Muslims in India Hotel mismanagement

Public education should emphasise on social cohesion and racial harmony. Hotels have own crisis management plans.

Application to Singapore

Comparing Mumbai & Singapore

Mumbai

Singapore

Comparing Mumbai & Singapore

MUMBAI SINGAPORE

Economy: Financial centre of India. GDP 2008 estimate: $3.298 trillion.

Economy:
Financial hub within the region. GDP 2008 estimate: $239.146 billion

Comparing Mumbai & Singapore

MUMBAI
Society: Religions: Hindus (67.39%), Muslims (18.56%), Buddhists Jains, Christians, Sikhs, Parsis and Jews (14.05%).

SINGAPORE

Society: Races: Chinese (74.2%), Malays (13.4%), Indians (9.2%), Eurasians, Arabs and others (3.2%).

Form of attack: Terrorists enter from sea. Multiple locations under attack concurrently. Likely features: Lack of government preparedness & organization, Lack of public awareness, Soft targets attacked. Likely effects: Nation-wide panic, Shaken confidence towards the government, Racial tension.

Timeline of Singapore Terror Attacks

A Brief Outline of Strategies

Approach 1: Regional collaboration against terrorism Approach 2: Media management Approach 3: Border control Approach 4: Improve government management

Approach 1
Regional collaboration against terrorism
Strategy 1: Enhance cooperation through transparency Strategy 2: Increase international cooperation in scientific research and development

Approach 1

Strategy 1: Enhance cooperation through transparency

Transparency in military expenditure
Transparency in strategic intents and security concerns

Eyes-in-the sky initiative

Malaysia's Deputy Prime Minister and Defence Minister Tun Najib Razak (3rd from left) and Singapore's Defence Minister Mr Teo Chee Hean (center) join hands with senior military officials from Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore and Thailand in Malaysia.

National Security Strategy

Shangri-la Dialogue

ASEAN Summit

Limitations of Enhancing Cooperation through Transparency

Countries differing objectives

Historical Factors

Strategy 2: Increase international cooperation in scientific research and development

Equip counter-terrorism agencies with better equipments Keep up with the development of terrorism

Limitations of Increasing International Cooperation in Scientific R&D

Costly Research centres may become potential attack targets

Approach 2
Border control
Approach 2
Strategy 1: Increase security of international Approach 2 shipping containers Strategy 1: Increase

Strategy 2: Cooperation to ensure border security security of

international shipping containers

Approach 3
Improve government management
Approach 3
Strategy 1: Establish a whole-ofgovernment system to achieve greater efficiency in handling attacks

Singapore Australia UK New Zealand Malaysia

Five Power Defence

National Security Coordination Secretariat (NSCS)

MINDEF
Enhances Singapores peace and security

Ministry of Foreign Affairs Maritime and Port Authority

Civil Defence Force

MHA
Responsible for public safety, civil defence and immigration

Internal Security Department

Security and Intelligence Department

Armed Forces

Police Force

Army Air Force

Immigration Authorities of Singapore

Civil Aviation Authority

Navy

Police Coast Guard

NSCS
Strengthens coordination between security agencies

MINDEF
Air force/ Civil Aviation Authority
Integrated defence force for Singapores aviation Enhances Singapores peace and security

MHA
Responsible for public safety, civil defence and immigration

Army
Navy/ Police Coast Guard
Responsible for defence against sea-borne threats and protection against sea lines of communications

Armed Forces

Internal Security Department/ Security and Intelligence Department

Integrated intelligence agency responsible for domestic and international counter-terrorism

Maritime and Port Authority

SCDF Police Force

Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Immigration Authorities of Singapore

Five Power Defence

Singapore New Zealand UK Australia

Malaysia

Approach 4
Media management

Strategy 1: Appropriate media regulation during emergencies

Approach 4

Strategy 2: Implement suitable and effective internet control

Fig 1: Singapore Seletar Airbase

Fig 2: Singapore Changi Airport

Conclusion
Lessons learnt from Mumbai attacks show the limitations of Singapores current strategies Uncertain future development of terrorism

The End
Thank you!