Water Treatment

Wastewater Treatment
Wastewater treatment consists of applying
known technology to improve or upgrade the quality of a wastewater.

Types
Continuous operation open systems Batch operation - batches

Classification of treatment methods

Organized or categorized by the nature of
the treatment process Classification:
Physical treatment method, Chemical treatment method Biological treatment method

Physical Treatment method

Passive process. Allowing suspended pollutants to settle

out. Not able to remove dissolved pollutants. Removal depends upon the density of the pollutants compare to water.

Various methods
Flocculation adding flocculants

Filtration final treatment stage

Membrane treatment
Ultrafiltration Nanofiltration Reverse osmosis Water flows with force remove colloidal material

Various methods Cond.

Adsorption Activated charcoal Any adsorbents Orange peel, Tree barks, Rice hucks etc. Air/Steam Stripping Remove pollutants - gases/low boiling liquids from water Gases passes through packed bed (activated carbon) to prevent air pollution as well as odor

Various methods Cond.

Aeration
Introducing air into water Water becomes oxygenated by air Completely get rid of foul odor creating chemicals Chemicals Ammonia or Hydrogen sulfide

Types
Diffused aeration making bubbles spray water in air Repeated aeration water go through many conduits mix with air

Various methods Cond.

Sedimentation (Clarification) Screening

Flotation and Skimming

Degassification Equalization

Chemical Treatment Method

Chemicals - Chemical treatment Method
Types Chlorination Ozonation Neutralization Coagulation Adsorption Ion exchange

Biological Treatment Methods

Biomaterials/microorganisms bacteria, fungus, algae Biochemically decompose the wastewater Stabilize the end product.
Types Aerobic In presence of Oxygen Anaerobic absence of oxygen

Aerobic Process
Bacteria consumes the organic matter Convert it to carbon dioxide in presence of oxygen

Anaerobic Process
Sludge is fermented at a particular temperature in the absence of oxygen

Aerobic
Activated Sludge Treatment Methods Trickling Filtration Oxidation Ponds Lagoons Aerobic Digestion

Types Bioaccumulation Biodegradation Biosorption Phytoremediation

Bioaccumulation
Accumulation of substances, in the environment before they are taken in by the first organism in a food chain.

Biodegradation
Chemical breakdown of materials by a physiological environment

Biosorption
Binding and concentration of organic/inorganic materials from aqueous solutions (even very dilute ones) by certain types of inactive, dead, microbial biomass

Phytoremediation
Treatment of environmental problems (bioremediation) through the use of plants